Chloroform physical properties

Physical Properties. All heavier than, and insoluble in water. All liquids, except iodoform, CHI3, which is a yellow crystalline solid with a characteristic odour. The remainder are colourless liquids when pure ethyl iodide, CjHjI, and iodobenzene, CjHgl, are, however, usually yellow or even brown in colour. Methyl iodide, CH3I, ethyl bromide, CgH Br, ethyl iodide, chloroform, CHCI3, and carbon tetrachloride, CCI4, have sweetish odours, that of chloroform being particularly characteristic. 

Physical properties of A-4-thiazoline-2-one and derivatives have received less attention than those of A-4-thiazoline-2-thiones. For the protomeric equilibrium, data obtained by infrared spectroscopy favors fbrm 51a in chloroform (55, 96, 887) and in the solid state (36. 97. 98) (Scheme 23). The same structural preference is suggested by the ultraviolet spectroscopy studies of Sheinker (98), despite the fact that previous studie.s in methanol (36) suggested the presence of both 51a and... 

Ben2onitri1e [100-47-0] C H CN, is a colorless Hquid with a characteristic almondlike odor. Its physical properties are Hsted in Table 10. It is miscible with acetone, ben2ene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethylene chloride, and other common organic solvents but is immiscible with water at ambient temperatures and soluble to ca 1 wt% at 100°C. It distills at atmospheric pressure without decomposition, but slowly discolors in the presence of light. 

At room temperature phenol is a white, crystalline mass. Phenol gradually turns pink if it contains impurities or is exposed to heat or light. It has a distinctive sweet, tarry odor, and burning taste. Phenol has limited solubiUty in water between 0 and 65°C. Above 65.3°C phenol and water are miscible in all proportions. It is very soluble in alcohol, ben2ene, chloroform, ether, and partially disassociated organics in general. It is less soluble in paraffinic hydrocarbons. The important physical properties of phenol are Hsted in Table 1. 

Pyrrole is a colorless, slightly hygroscopic Hquid which, if fresh, emits an odor like that of chloroform. However, it darkens on exposure to air and eventually produces a dark brown resin. It can be preserved by excluding air from the storage container, preferably by displacement with ammonia to prevent acid-catalyzed polymerization. A review of the physical and theoretical aspects of pyrrole is found in Reference 4. Some physical properties of pyrrole are Hsted in Table 1. 

Fohc acid (1) is found as yellow, thin platelets which char above 250°C. The uv spectmm of L-foUc acid at pH 13 shows absorptions at A = 256 nm (e = 30, 000), 282 nm (e = 26,000), and 365 nm (e = 9800). FoHc acid has a specific rotation of [a] = +19.9 (c = 1, 0.1 NNaOH). Solutions of fohc acid are stable at room temperature and in the absence of light. It is slightly soluble in aqueous alkaU hydroxides and carbonates but is insoluble in cold water, acetone, and chloroform. Table 3 Hsts some physical properties of selected fohc acid derivatives. 

Nicotinamide is a colorless, crystalline solid. It is very soluble in water (1 g is soluble in 1 mL of water) and in 95% ethanol (1 g is soluble in 1.5 mL of solvent). The compound is soluble in butanol, amyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, acetone, and chloroform, but is only slightly soluble in ether or benzene. Physical properties are Hsted in Table 1. 

Riboflavin forms fine yellow to orange-yeUow needles with a bitter taste from 2 N acetic acid, alcohol, water, or pyridine. It melts with decomposition at 278—279°C (darkens at ca 240°C). The solubihty of riboflavin in water is 10—13 mg/100 mL at 25—27.5°C, and in absolute ethanol 4.5 mg/100 mL at 27.5°C it is slightly soluble in amyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, amyl acetate, and phenol, but insoluble in ether, chloroform, acetone, and benzene. It is very soluble in dilute alkah, but these solutions are unstable. Various polymorphic crystalline forms of riboflavin exhibit variations in physical properties. In aqueous nicotinamide solution at pH 5, solubihty increases from 0.1 to 2.5% as the nicotinamide concentration increases from 5 to 50% (9). 

Production of cellulose esters from aromatic acids has not been commercialized because of unfavorable economics. These esters are usually prepared from highly reactive regenerated cellulose, and their physical properties do not differ markedly from cellulose esters prepared from the more readily available aHphatic acids. Benzoate esters have been prepared from regenerated cellulose with benzoyl chloride in pyridine—nitrobenzene (27) or benzene (28). These benzoate esters are soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone or chloroform. Benzoate esters, as well as the nitrochloro-, and methoxy-substituted benzoates, have been prepared from cellulose with the appropriate aromatic acid and chloroacetic anhydride as the impelling agent and magnesium perchlorate as the catalyst (29). 

AHyl chloride is a colorless Hquid with a disagreeable, pungent odor. Although miscible in typical compounds such as alcohol, chloroform, ether, acetone, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, heptane, toluene, and acetone, aHyl chloride is only slightly soluble in water (21—23). Other physical properties are given in Table 1. 

L. Badalucco, F. De Cesare, S. Grego, L. Landi, and P. Nannipieri, Do soil physical properties affect the chloroform efficiency in lysing microbial biomass Soil Biol. Biochem. 29 1135 (1997). 

Aminophenols, 2 652-678 analysis, 2 661-662 chelating agents, 5 712t chemical reactions, 2 656-658 derivatives, 2 664-671 economic aspects, 2 661 health and safety factors, 2 663-664 manufacture and processing, 2 658-661 physical properties of, 2 653-656, 666t reactions with chloroformates, 6 296 salts, 2 656t... 

Menthyl chloroformate, chiral derivatizing reagent, 6 76t Menthyl esters, 24 524 Menthyl pyrrolidone carboxylate, 24 525 Menthyl salicylate, 24 524 physical properties of, 22 14t Menthyl valerate, 24 524 Mentoring, of technical service personnel, 24 346-347... 

Physical properties of this element have not been well investigated due to short half-lives of isotopes. The element is volatile may be chstdled in vacuum at room temperature in a glass apparatus and condensed in a dry ice trap. It is soluble in chloroform, ether, hexane and many other organic solvents. Solubility in water should be of low order. 

Elemental composition Ni 22.85%, C 46.75%, H 5.49%, O 24.91%. The compound may be characterized by its physical properties, elemental analysis, and by IR, UV and NMR spectra and x-ray diffraction data. A benzene or chloroform solution may be injected directly into a GC column and may be identified from its mass spectra. The characteristic mass ions for its identification by GC/MS are 58, 60, 100, 257. The aqueous solution or the nitric acid extract may be analyzed either by flame or furnace AA, or by ICP-AES to determine nickel content. 

Analytical data on the soluble products isolated from chloroform are in excellent agreement with the composition 1 Ni+2 1 monoalkylated ligand 1 I or Br. The magnetic moment of this methylated complex was found to be 1.89 Bohr magnetons per nickel (II). The molar conductivities of the methylated and benzylated complexes in methanol at 25° C. are 75.4 and 68.4 ohm-1, respectively. These values approximate those expected for uni-univalent electrolytes in this solvent. The formulation of these alkylated compounds as dimeric electrolytes (structure VII) does not appear to be totally consistent with their physical properties. One or both halide ions may be bound to the metal ion. These results lead to the easily understood generalization that terminal sulfur atoms alkylate more readily than bridged mercaptide groups. 

Preparation of Plastic Sulphur. Heat sulphur until it boils and pour it out in a thin stream into a crystallizer with cold water. Extract the solid substance from the water and dry it between sheets of filter paper. Test the ductility of the sulphur and its solubility in chloroform. Keep part of the sulphur for the next lesson and again study its physical properties. What molecules does plastic sulphur consist of ... 

Some selected chemical and physical properties of naphthalene are given in Table I. Naphthalene is very slightly soluble in water but is appreciably soluble in many organic solvents, e.g.. 1.2,3,4-tctrahydronaphthalene, phenols, ethers, carbon disulfide, chloroform, benzene, coal-tar naphtha, carbon tetrachloride, acetone, and decahydronaphthalene. 

The cis-[Pt(PR3 )2Cl2] compounds, where R = alkyl, were converted smoothly to trans-[Pt(PR3 )2HCl] by treating them with hydrazine hydrate in a mixture of ethanol and chloroform. Chloroform must be added since the complexes are insoluble in pure ethanol. The hydride complexes are cream-colored, low-melting, crystalline solids that closely resemble the physical properties of the parent dichloro complexes. 

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