Chlorofluorocarbons phaseout protocols

States would spend 160 billion per year on pollution control. In 1996 Ben Lieberman, an environmental research associate with the Competitive Enterprise Institute, estimated that in the United States the cost of the phaseout of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in accordance with the 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer could reach 100 billion over the next ten years. Indeed chemical manufacturers had to develop eco-friendly substitutes such as hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) and hydro-fluorocarbon (HFC), which are more costly to make, and hundreds of millions of pieces of air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment using CFCs had to be discarded. 

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. An international agreement signed by almost all industrialized nations which sets a phase out for the production of ozone depleting substances (ODS s). The compounds to be phased out include chlorofluorocarbons (CFC s), halons, carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform (1,1,1-trichloroethane), and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC s). The original phaseout dates were revised in the 1992 modification of the Montreal Protocol, morbidity. Rate of incidence of disease. 

The phaseout of chlorofluorocarbons started in 1978 with the banning of CFCs from household aerosols such as deodorant and hair spray, in 1987, 23 nations signed the Montreal Protocol, which called for a 50°/o decrease in CFC usage by the year 2000. However, growing evidence that these chemicals were responsible for ozone depletion led to the London amendment to the treaty, which called for a complete phaseout by 2000. The Clean Air Act amendments of 1990 contained legislation to enact this phaseout, in 1992, President Bush pushed the deadline even closer, calling for a complete phaseout by January 1, 1996. The other industrialized nations involved in the Montreal Protocol followed Bush s lead and banned CFCs on the same date. 

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are major contributors to the depletion of the ozone layer additionally, they contribute to the greenhouse effect. Consequently the phaseout of CFCs and halons was scheduled and written down in the Montreal Protocol 1987, the... 

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