Chlorine flash point

Special additives are often included in a carrier formulation to provide specific properties such as foam control, stabiUty, and fiber lubrication during dyeing. Most important are the solvents used to solubilize the soHd carrier-active chemicals. These often contribute to the general carrier activity of the finished product. For example, chlorinated benzenes and aromatic esters are good solvents for biphenyls and phenylphenols. Flammable compounds (flash point below 60°C) should be avoided. 

Fire Hazards - Flash Point (deg. F) 82 OC 61 CC Flammable limits in Air (%) Data not available Fire Extinguishing Agents Water, dry chemical, carbon dioxide Fire Extinguishing Agents Not To Be Used Not pertinent Special Hazards of Combustion Products Toxic chlorine and phosgene gas may be formed in fires Behavior in Fire Not pertinent Ignition Temperature (deg. F) 932 Electrical Hazard Data not available Burning Rate No data. 

Chlorine Trifluoride — Fire Hazards Flash Point (deg. F) Not flammable, but can cause fire when mixed or in contact with some materials Flammable Limits in Air (%) Not pertinent Fire Extinguishing Agents Dry chemical Fire Extinguishing Agents Not To Be Used Do not use water... 

The flash point is a measured temperature at which vapors above the surface of a liquid are just sufficiendy concentrated to propagate a flame (10). In practice, materials of concern may be in closed or open containers or may have spilled. Generally, the chosen flash point method should be related to the problem as well as to the type of material ie, open-cup methods are more significant for open containers or spills, whereas closed-cup methods give more significant information for closed containers, eg, process vessels. A number of commercial flammable liquids contain a moderate amount of noncombustible components, eg, chlorinated hydrocarbons, in order to elevate the closed-cup flash point and thus gain a more favorable classification. When the same material is analyzed by an open-cup method, the flash point is not elevated, ie, after a spill, the noncombustible material would soon be lost and the residue may be highly flammable. 

PCB formulations are mixtures designed to fulfill unique specifications (color, density, dielectric constant, fire and flash point, percent chlorine, etc.) Such mixtures may vary from batch to batch. There is some evidence that the presence of trace quantities of chlorinated napthalenes and dibenzofurans in commercial PCBs may be of toxicologic significance (ref. 134, p. 52). 

Waste oil Used oil which contains in excess of 1000 ppm chlorine, 5 ppm arsenic, 2 ppm disposal cadmium, 10 ppm chromium, 100 ppm lead, or having a flash point of less than 40°C is considered to be hazardous waste and cannot be burned for energy recovery or used in any way to produce fuel. Waste oil containing more than 1000 ppm chlorine is considered to be contaminated with chlorinated solvents or PCB and is designated as hazardous waste. 

The composition of the plastic feedstock for pyrolysis processes has a direct bearing on the quality of the resultant fuel products, especially flash point, cetane index, low-temperature properties and heteroatom content (e.g. sulphur, chlorine and nitrogen). 

Stable, med. vis., good solubility Color, Typical, Gardner 1933 Std. 1 Chlorine Content % by Weight 46 Specific Gravity a 50/25C 1.200 Pounds Per Gallon 10.0 Viscosity SUS a 21 OF 230 Volatility, % Loss 4 hrs a 150C 1. Stability, JQD Method, % HCl, 4 Hrs. Flash Point F (Cleveland Open Cup) ... 

The solvents in the black category are there for a number of reasons pentane and diethyl ether because of their low flash points the chlorinated solvents, pyridine and benzene because they are carcinogens and the polar aprotic solvents dimethylamine (DMA), A,A-dimethylformamide (DMF) and A-methyl pyrolidin-2-one (NMP) because they are toxic. Alternatives for many of these are readily available in most laboratories and some of them are listed in Table 1.8. 

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