Chlorine adsorption

Color None Decaying organic material and metallic ions causing color may cause foaming in boilers hinders precipitation methods such as iron removal, hot phosphate softening can stain product in process use Coagulation, filtration, chlorination, adsorption by activated carbon... 

The evolution of methylchlorosilanes between 450 and 600 K is consistent with the 550 - 600 K typical for the catalytic Rochow Process [3]. It is also reasonably consistent with the evolution of methylchlorosilanes at 500 - 750 K reported by Frank and Falconer for a temperature programmed reaction study of the monolayer remaining on a CuaSi surface after catalytic formation of methylchlorosilanes from CHaCl at higher pressures [5]. Both of these observations suggest that the monolayer formed by methyl and chlorine adsorption on pure CuaSi is similar to that present on active catalysts. For reference, methylchlorosilanes bond quite weakly to tiie surface and desorb at 180 - 220 K. It can thus be concluded that the rate-determining step in the evolution of methylchlorosilanes at 450 - 600 K is a surface reaction rather an product desorption. 

Stefanov and coworkers—deactivation pathways for industrial Cu/Cr/Zn catalysts. Stefanov and coworkers250 published an XPS study indicating that the Cu-Cr-Zn catalyst deactivates via two pathways in an industrial reactor-sintering and poisoning by chlorine adsorption, which caused a deactivation of the catalyst from... 

Wauchope and Myers [116] studied the adsorption-dispersion kinetics of Atrazine and Linuron in sediment-aqueous slurries. The resulting adsorption or desorption was very rapid, approaching 75% of equilibrium values within 3-6min. Chlorinated adsorption of the herbicide on the sediment was completely reversible after 2h of adsorption. 

Mulheim, West Germany [lO] Surface water Ruhr River Ozonation (1) Flocculation Sedimentation Ozonation (2) Filtration GAC filtration Safety chlorination Adsorption of toxic organics A site for bio-oxidation of organics Carbon application 2nd stage of dual stage filter Particle size 0.5—2.5 mm Filter velocity 11—22 m/hr Bed depth 4 m... 

If after the above-mentioned treatment steps, water still contains nonionic organic impurities e.g. phenolic matter or chloro/bromohydrocarbons from chlorination, adsorption by treatment with activated charcoal is advisable. 

H. Piao, K. Adib, M. A. Barteau, A temperature-programmed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (TPXPS) study of chlorine adsorption and diffusion on Ag(lll), Surf Sci. 557 (2004) 13. 

SEXAFS studies appear to have made a significant contribution to the understanding of chlorine adsorption on siIver... 

Since there is no evidence for absorption of Cl atoms into the Au surface [46,47], only adsorption on the surface is considered. As the diffusing species in the ease of ehlotine adsorption a Au adatom with a chlorine atom on top was proposed to be the diffusing species in the case of chlorine adsorption [11]. Table 3.7 compares the energies of activation for the most important processes in the presence and absence of an adsorbed Cl atom. With few exceptions, the Cl atom significantly reduces the barrier. 

In the pure sodium chloride system with Na20 and low oxide, CO2 seems to be the preferred product at low cds. The relative amount of CO increases by increasing cds, but decreases rapidly when chlorine starts to form. At high oxide contents in the same system CO forms preferably at low cds, but CO2 increases rapidly at high cds. In the calcium oxide-containing systems CO2 is the main product at low oxide contents whereas CO increases very fast with increasing cd in the oxide rich melt, up to the startpoint of chlorine adsorption [3]. 

In Section VII we shall give an interpretation of processes for the carbon powder electrode with a chlorine adsorption layer to this electrode we have devoted much experimental work. 

Undoubtedly, the degassing technique used in [325] did not result in complete removal of the adsorbed oxygen (this fact was pointed out by the authors). The presence of oxygen on the carbon surface caused a significant decrease in the energy of the C-Cl adsorption bond. On the other hand, it is obvious that the coverage by oxygen in the Keyes-Marshall experiments was considerably lower than in samples subjected to air- or anodic oxidation. Therefore, in our experiments a lower heat of chlorine adsorption could be expected ... 

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