Ruhr, river

Imhoff, K. R., Koppe, P. and Dietz, F. (1980). Heavy metals in the Ruhr River and their budget in the catchment area. Progr. Water Technol. 12, 735-749. 

Franz-Josef Briiggemeier. Blauer Himmel iiber der Ruhr Beschichte der Umwelt im Ruhrgebiet, 1840-1990. Essen Klartext, 1992. Source for Ruhr River pollution. 

Mulheim, West Germany [lO] Surface water Ruhr River Ozonation (1) Flocculation Sedimentation Ozonation (2) Filtration GAC filtration Safety chlorination Adsorption of toxic organics A site for bio-oxidation of organics Carbon application 2nd stage of dual stage filter Particle size 0.5—2.5 mm Filter velocity 11—22 m/hr Bed depth 4 m... 

AHTN 585 tons/y Balk and Ford, 1999a). HHCB and AHTN concentrations were in the range of those determined by Eschke et al. (1994) who examined STP on the Ruhr river (500 to 2900 ng/L HHCB and 800 to 4400 ng/L AHTN). The occurrence of ADBI in sewage influent and effluent is also known (Eschke et al., 1994) whereas -to our knowledge-AHMI has not been detected prior to this study. 

There was also growing appreciation that pollution could be a matter of international scale and scope although acid rain was not yet a widely accepted idea and scientific understanding of transboundary pollution issues was still in its infancy. As an indication of the level of awareness of this environmental matter, there was no entry for acid rain in the 1968 Encyclopedia Britannica. The main entry dealing with pollution, Pollution, Environmental , does mention that polluted air or water does not respect city, state or provincial, national, or even continental boundaries but only makes reference to the Ruhr River regional pollution abatement plan, as a specific example of a transboundary pollution issue.There is no mention of acid rain in this entry either. 

The Kc values of < 20 (mg C/g) (mg CA) for PFOA, PFOS, and PFBS indicate a low sorptivity for all three compounds on GAC. Thus, the efficiency of the sorption process is particularly sensitive toward competitive sorption of DOC (e.g., Ruhr River, MiiUieim (Germany), pH 7.6, 54% of DOC strongly adsorbable Kc 55 (mgC/g) (mgC/l) 31.8% of DOC poorly adsorbable Kc 17 (mgC/g) (mgC/l) 14.1% of DOC nonadsorbable Kc < 17 (mgC/g) (mgC/1) [19]). The data shown in [18] indicate that powdered activated carbon could reveal much higher loads under equilibrium conditions as well as faster sorption kinetics for PFOS and PFOA. This is probably due to a more efficient transport into the inner micropore system, which provides most of the sorption sites [19], However, the adsorbabihty depends also on the type of carbon used [19], thus activated carbons with higher affinities toward these compounds may exist. 

Fig. 15-7 Relationship between dissolved and total heavy metal concentrations in several rivers. Cross-hatched bands represent range of values from the Ruhr (Imhoff et ah, 1980) W and F represent winter and fall values at a selected station in the Mississippi (Eisenreich et ah, 1980) Triangles represent values from the Rhine river (Davis, 1984).

The river Emscher in the Ruhr district, Germany, is a tributary to the river Rhine (Figure 8.6). Due to heavy industrialization in the area that took place about 100 years ago, the river Emscher and its tributaries were systematically developed as open sewers. When, in the 1950s, it became evident that biological treatment of the wastewater was urgently necessary, it was decided to... 

Bode H. and Nusch E.A., 1999. Advanced river quality monitoring in the Ruhr basin, Water... 

River water (Ruhr, RM12 Trace elements (natural levels). Same analytes as RM01 ... 

Figure 5.1.1 Sampling points. (A) River Meuse, (B) Spring at Brevilles, (C) River Ruhr...

The preliminary characterization analysis on the bulk material from river Ruhr revealed also the necessity of a fortification step. However, for these materials, it was decided to opt for a low concentration level (down to around 0.1 pgL-1 per compound) achieved by fortifying the bottled materials just before dispatch of the samples (two days maximum in advance). Due to the chosen spiking procedure, a check of the integrity of the sample received by the laboratories was considered necessary and achieved by a control of the weight of the bottle. Additionally, and once again because of the spiking procedure used, for these materials participants were requested to analyse samples immediately after receipt. 

Fig. 1 Map of sampling location at the Lippe river (Ruhr District, Germany) (A) exemplary distribution of waste water supply (LWA 1975), coal production at the time period of 1920-1974, and number of sewage treatment plants at the Lippe river (1930-1988) (B) industrial and municipal sewage treatment plants at the Lippe river, indicated by the recorded waste water in proportionate symbol size (Lippeverband, 1975).

The XVI Corps plans for the Rhine operation called for a 2-division crossing in the vicinity of Wallach, Mehrum, and Milchplatz. Naval craft were available for the initial assault and the engineers were ready to bridge the Rhine, a task which they anticipated would be no more difficult than that of bridging the Roer River under flooded conditions. After the crossing, the Ninth Army was to drive eastward, contain the enemy in the Ruhr pocket to the south, and maintain contact with the British Second Army on the left. 

Eschke etal. [41, 42] reported polycyclic musks in the waters of the River Ruhr. Franke etal. [43] also detected polyaromatic musks in the waters of the Orda and the Elbe. Winkler and coworkers [44] reported clofibric acid and ibuprofen in the Elbe and the Sale. The authors also detected hydroxy-ibuprofen, a metabolite of ibuprofen, in Elbe river water. Ternes [45] also detected ibuprofen, with several other pharmaceuticals - antiphlogistics, lipid regulators, psychiatrics, anti-epileptics, beta blockers and y62-sympathomimetics - in river water. 

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