Chlorinated copper phthalocyanine

Only a minor amount of chlorinated copper phthalocyanine, for instance, especially in the 4-position of the copper phthalocyanine molecule, prevents a change of modification from a to (3. Approximately 3 to 4% chlorine is commonly used, which corresponds to the formula CuPc-Cl0.5, also referred to as semi-chloro-CuPc . The phthalic anhydride/urea synthesis, for instance, affords a partially chlorinated product if 4-chlorophthalic anhydride is added to the reaction mixture. Copper chlorides in the phthalonitrile process have the same effect. 

The fully chlorinated copper phthalocyanine is used as precursor for the synthesis of IR-absorbers, applied in optical recording layers for data storage [27],... 

Chem. Descrip. Flighly chlorinated copper phthalocyanine Uses Pigment toner for high-solids coatings, automotive, OEM, refinish, and industrial finishes... 

Chromium oxide green, chlorinated copper phthalocyanines Aluminum... 

Ahuja, R. C. and Hauffe, K. Charge transfer across organic photoconductor/insulating liquid interface. III. Copper phthalocyanine, chlorinated copper phthalocyanine/dodecane containing electron acceptor/donor additives, Ber, Bunsen Ges, Phys, Chem, 84, 138, 1980c. 

The phenomenon of solid solution formation has been known for some time in the copper phthalocyanine series of pigments. For example, partially chlorinated copper phthalocyanine is in effect a solid solution of the parent compound and... 

Chlorinated copper phthalocyanine (pure untreated suiface) Idanthrone (pure untreated suiface)... 

Very unstable modifications, like the reddish, chlorine-free a-copper phthalocyanine, can be stabilized with amides or salts of copper phthalocyanine sulfonic acids (59—63). Mixture with other metal phthalocyanines, eg, tin, vanadium, aluminum, or magnesium, also inhibits crystallization change and poor performance in binders and prints (flocculation) due to the hydrophobic character of unsubstituted phthalocyanines. 

Pigment Green 7 [1328-53-6] 74260 polychloro copper phthalocyanine chlorination of copper phthalocyanine... 

Copper Phthalocyanine Green. CPC green is obtained by electrophilic substitution of CPC blue with chlorine, the degree of chlorination reaching 14—15 chlorines per molecule. The typical polychloro-CPCs are blue-shade green pigments. To provide yellower shades of green, substitution of... 

Direct chlorination of copper phthalocyanine can be carried out by passing the gas into a molten eutectic of aluminium chloride and sodium chloride at a temperature of 180-200 °C,... 

The phthalonitrile process has the particular advantage over the phthalic anhydride process of forming ring-substituted chloro-copper phthalocyanines. Using copper(I)chloride produces so-called semi-chloro Copper Phalocyanine Blue, a pigment which possesses a statistical average of 0.5 chlorine atoms per copper phthalocyanine molecule. Copper(II)chloride, on the other hand, affords a product which comprises an average of one chlorine atom per copper phthalocyanine molecule. A prerequisite for the formation of the chloro substituted compound, however, is the absence of ammonia or urea in the reaction mixture. 

Reaction between phthalic anhydride and urea always affords chlorine-free Copper Phthalocyanine Blue. Chlorinated derivatives are obtained only in the absence of bases (ammonia) or urea. The phase stabilized a-modification is prepared by essentially the same but slightly modified route it is derived from mixed con-... 

The early days of Copper Phthalocyanine Green synthesis were dominated by two competitive routes. One method was the synthesis of tetraphenyl copper phthalocyanine (Bayer), while the second method involved chlorination of copper phthalocyanine in carbon tetrachloride to form copper tetradeca to hexadeca-chloro phthalocyanine (BASF). It was on the grounds of economical considerations that manufacturers began to prefer the chlorination technique in industrial scale production. 

---