2,2 ,6,6 -tetraphenyl copper

The early days of Copper Phthalocyanine Green synthesis were dominated by two competitive routes. One method was the synthesis of tetraphenyl copper phthalocyanine (Bayer), while the second method involved chlorination of copper phthalocyanine in carbon tetrachloride to form copper tetradeca to hexadeca-chloro phthalocyanine (BASF). It was on the grounds of economical considerations that manufacturers began to prefer the chlorination technique in industrial scale production. 

Diphenylacetic acid has been obtained by the reduction of benzilic acid with hydriodic acid and red phosphorus 1 by the treatment of phenylbromoacetic acid with benzene and zinc dust,2 or with benzene and aluminum chloride 3 by the hydrolysis of diphenylacetonitrile 4 by heating a-diphenyldichloroethyl-ene with alcoholic sodium ethylate 5 by heating benzilic acid 6 from diphenylmethane, mercury diethyl, sodium and carbon dioxide 7 by the oxidation of a,a,5,S-tetraphenyl- 8-butine 8 by the decomposition of some complex derivatives obtained from diphenylketene 9 by the hydrolysis of diphenyl-5,5-hydan-toin 10 by the treatment of diphenylbromoacetic acid with copper 11 by the oxidation of dichlorodiphenylcrotonic acid.12... 

Although there are numerous examples of dimerizations of organo-metallic reagents by copper(II) salts, one particularly interesting example concerns 2,2 -dilithiobiphenyl 304). Wittig and Klar have proposed several transient copper(II) ate complexes and a stable copper(I) complex to account for the high yields of biphenylene and o-tetraphenyl-ene. Diarylcopper(II) compounds were supposedly isolated, and characterized by elemental analysis, from diarylmercury compounds and copper at 120°C 11, 197) an unlikely reaction. 

The 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphyrin, or m o-tetraphenylpor-phyrin (TPPH2), employed is prepared by a general method for condensing weio-porphyrins, and its properties are described elsewhere (it can now be obtained cheaply from various chemical suppliers, e.g., Strem and Aldrich). If the starting material is not chlorin-free, the copper-chlorin complex will be removed in the chromatographic purification therefore purification of the... 

Preparation of bd- - 2,2, 6,6 -tetraphenyl-4-(tellurapyranyl)-4H-tellurapyranf The thione (0.99 g, 2.6 mol) and copper powder (1.0 g) were slurried in 20 mL of toluene. The mixture was warmed for 4 h under reflux and filtered through a 2.5 cm pad of Celite while hot. The Celite pad was washed with several portions of CH2CI2, and the combined organic filtrates were concentrated. The residue was warmed in boiling acetonitrile and filtered while hot to give 0.60 g (66%) as a green solid m. p. 273-274°C. 

Lactones react analogously [although with dialkyl phosphites they give co-(hydroxyacyl)phosphonates if catalysed by base], but telomers are always formed as well as the monomers.3325 Unlike triethyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphite reacts with ethylene carbonate (l,3-dioxolan-2-one) in the presence of small amounts of copper powder to yield tetraphenyl ethylenebisphos-phonate.312... 

Tetraphenyl ethylenebisphosphonate Triphenyl phosphite (16.5 g) l,3-dioxolan-2-one (4.4 g), and copper powder (0.5 g) are heated for 5 h at 200-260°. After cooling, the mixture is extracted with benzene, whence, after concentration, the diphosphonate (m.p. 145-146° 5 g, 40.5%) crystallizes. Recrystallization from benzene gives material melting at 152-153°. 

M. Hoshino, S. Konishi, S. Watanabe, and Y. Hama, Absorption Spectroscopic and ESR Studies on One-Electron Reduction Products of Copper(II) and Oxovanadium(IV) Tetraphenyl-porphyrins Produced by y-Radiolysis in 2-Methyltetrahydrofiiran Solutions at 77 K, Chem. Phys. Lett., 110 (1984) 205. 

Yoshimoto. S. Tada, A. Suto. K. Narita. R. Itaya. K. Adlayer Stracture and electrochemical reduction of O2 on self-organized aixays of cobalt and copper tetraphenyl por-phynes on a Au(lll) surface. Langmuir 2003.19.612-611. 

Introduction of phenyl or t-butyl substituents into the rings, or annelation of benzene rings, increases the longevity of penta-fulvalenes thus a 3,4-diphenyl derivative is stable onlv in solution, whereas a 2, 3,4,5-tetraphenyl derivative forms copper-coloured crystals which are stable at 0 under an inert atmosphere [239]. 

The adsorption of vanadyl-5,14, 23, 32-tetraphenyl-2, 3-naphthalocyanine VOTPNPc and vanadyl-5,10,15, 20-tetraphenyl-21H,31H-porphine VOTPPORP macrocycles onto metallic surfaces has been studied by Carrasco et al . A weak adsorbate-substrate interaction and no significant structural modifications imposed by surface effect were inferred from the IR spectra of the compounds deposited onto a KBr monocrystal and onto a smooth copper surface. 

SWCNTs-porphyrin nanosensors have been fabricated for monitoring toxic substances in the enviromnent [215], Free-base, Ru and Fe octaethyl-and tetraphenyl-substituted porphyrins provided good selectivity and sensitivity to various VOCs tested (acetone, butanone, methanol, ethanol). Nonco-valently functionalized SWCNTs with iron tetraphenylporphyrin were used for benzene detection [216], SWCNTs noncovalently functionalized with copper phthalocyanine and free-base porphyrins were used as sensing layers for the detection of toluene [217]. Also, MWCNTs were used as sensors for benzene, toluene, and xylene, when fnnctionalized with metal tetraphenyl porphyrins [218], SWCNTs-poly(tetraphenylporphyrin) hybrid was prepared and tested as a low-power chemiresistor sensor for acetone vapor [219]. A chemiresistive sensor array was fabricated from SWCNTs noncovalently functionalized with metallo mcxo-tetraphenylporphyrins (Cr(III), Mn(III), Fe(III), Co(III), Co(n), Ni(n), Cu(II), and Zn(II)) [220]. Its responses were treated by statistical analyses and allowed to classify VOCs into five classes alkanes, aromatics, ketones, alcohols, amines. Amines detection as an indicator of meat spoilage was achieved by the same group with the same sensor array [221]. 

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