Chlorides, insoluble

Mercuric chloride test. Add mercuric chloride solution to formic acid or a solution of formate and w arm. A white precipitate of mercurous chloride, insoluble in dil. HCl, is produced. Sometimes the reduction proceeds as far as metallic mercury, which appears as a grey precipitate. 

Induced dissolution is also a well known phenomenon and frequently applied in chemical analysis. To dissolve platinum easily it was suggested by Ropp that the sample should be alloyed with silver or copper, the alloys being easily soluble even in dilute acids. Anhydrous chromic chloride, insoluble in water and dilute acids, becomes easily soluble by adding metallic magnesium or zinc to the dilute acid . In this case the chromium(III) compound is reduced to chro-mium(II), which will be oxidized by the solvent to water-soluble chromium(III)... 

Kraft Lignin. A softwood kraft lignin (KL) was isolated from a partly evaporated, industrial kraft black liquor by precipitation through the addition of dilute sulfuric acid as described elsewhere (7). The lignin was thereafter fractionated by successive extraction with organic solvents (7). The KL fraction used in the present investigation was the second of five fractions obtained (propanol soluble - methylene chloride insoluble). 

POUR A FEW DROPS OF THE HOT SOLUTION INTO A LARGE AMOUNT OF WATER. YOU GET A WHITE PRECIPITATE. WHEN YOU DISSOLVED CUPRIC HYDROXIDE IN HCI, YOU MADE CUPRIC CHLORIDE WHICH IS SOLUBLE IN WATER. BY TREATING THiS WITH METALLIC COPPER, YOU GOT CUPROUS CHLORIDE, INSOLUBLE IN WATER. 

Properties Yellow, crystalline powder. D 5.7, bp 453C, mp 218C. Hygroscopic. Decomposed by water with formation of bismuth oxybromide. Soluble in either hydrochloric acid (dilute) or solutions of potassium iodide, bromide, and chloride. Insoluble in alcohol. 

Properties White crystals. D 6.062. Soluble in ammonium chloride insoluble in water decomposed by hot acids. 

Properties Light, orange-yellow powder odorless. Stable in air but turns dark on exposure to light finer powder than the red form. D 11.03 (27.5C), mp decomposes. Slightly soluble in cold water, more so after boihng soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, potassium iodide solution, concentrated solutions of alkaline-earth chloride, magnesium chloride insoluble in alcohol. 

Properties Free-flowing, white, crystalline powder no odor. Mp 244C. Partially soluble in benzene and methylene chloride insoluble in water. Permissible in contact with food products. Combustible. 

Aluminum Chloride Insoluble in solution with NaCl l%-5% anhydrous AICI3 affects mechanical properties... 

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES soft, bluish-gray metal highly lustrous when freshly cut very malleable easily melted, cast, rolled, and extruded tarnishes upon exposure to moist air cubic crystal structure poor conductor of electricity good sound and vibration absorber dissolve in dilute nitric acid soluble in hot concentrated sulfuric acid, acetic acid, and alkali solutions dissolves slowly in hydrogen chloride insoluble in hot or cold water MP (327.4°C, 621.3°F) BP (1740°C, 3164°F) DN (11.32 g/cm at20°C) SG (11.3) VS (3.2 cP at 327.4°C, 2.32 cP at 400°C, 1.54 cP at 600°C) (molten lead) CP (0.031 cal/g at 20°C) HV (206 cal/g at 1,740°C) VP (1.77 mmHg at 1000°C) BHN (4.0)(high purity lead) hardness 1 on Mohs scale. 

Characters and Tests.—Colourless odourless, translucent, fibrous masses, tough and difficult to powder soluble in water and in rectified spirit. Its aqueous solution, heated with potassium hydrate, evolves ammoniacal gas, which may be recognised by its odour with silver nitrate it gives a white curdy precipitate (silver chloride), insoluble in boiling nitric acid, soluble in ammonia. 

Characters and Tests.—Colourless, transparent, prismatic crystals, strongly resembling sulphate of magnesia, but with a metallic styptic taste. Its aqueous solution gives a white precipitate (zinc sulphide) with ammonium sulphide, indicating the presence of zinc, and a white precipitate (barium sulphate) with barium chloride, insoluble in nitric acid, showing that the salt is a sulphate. Its watery solution should give no bluish-black precipitate or coloration... 

Poly(vinyl alcohol) has many applications as sizing for nylon and rayon fibers, as an emulsifier and protective colloid, e.g., for polymerizations, as a component in printing inks, toothpastes, and cosmetic preparations, and for fuel oil pipes. In Japan, a fiber is produced by spinning, annealing, and cross-linking with formaldehyde, but the fiber has a somewhat wiry feel. A flameproof fiber is obtained by coextruding poly(vinyl alcohol) with poly-(vinyl chloride). Insoluble photocopy layers are produced by exposure to light in the presence of alkaline dichromate. 

Compound 29 (32 g, 0.16 mol) was dissolved in anhydrous acetone (500 mL) and stirred with 3.2 g (0.021 mol) of Nal for 90 min. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo and the residue treated with methylene chloride. Insoluble material was filtered off, and the filtrate extracted with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried (sodium sulfate), and evaporated. The crystalline material that was formed on addition of acetone was filtered off and dried at 50 °C in vacuo, yielding 28.7 g of 30 (90%). 

This should be examined, in the same way as sodium chloride, for chloride, insoluble matter, moisture, and sulphate. The potassium may be determined as potassium platino-chloride, as described under carbonate of potash. 

Acetic add may be distinguished from formic acid by the ability of the latter to reduce potassium permanganate solution, ToUen s reagent and mercuric chloride solution. In the latter case a white or grey precipitate of mercurom chloride (insoluble in dil. HCl) or mercury is produced when the mixture is warmed. 

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