Chloride of lime

This product, called chloride of lime [67560-00-3] or bleaching powder, has about 35% available chlorine. 

The process employed in carrying out this invention is as follows A mixture of 1 to IJ parts acetone (45 kg.), 1 part of lemon-giass oil (38 kg.), IJ to 2 parts of alcohol (75 kg.), 1 to 2 parts of a concentrated lime-free solution of chloride of lime (75 kg.), to which is added a little cobaJtous nitrate (30 gr.) dissolved in water, is boiled during six to eighteen hours at a temperature of 70° to 80° C. in a reflux cooling apparatus. 

A wide range of substances is permitted for alternative crop production. For example, LOJ, Denmark is the only certifying body reviewed so far that provides maximum concentrations of solutions of sulphur, soft soap and mineral oils. Furthermore, several substances permitted by IFOAM and EU standards are not allowed, such as pyrethrum, copper salts, chloride of lime and soda, or microbial pest controllers. Spain (CRAE 1994) stands on the other end of the spectrum with their exclusive focus on the EC Reg. 2092/91. 

But the so-called chloride of lime or bleaching powder does not contain calcic chloride, and the true reaction appears to be... 

Distilled with chloride of lime, ethylic alcohol produces chloroform. 

By passing chlorine over caloio hydrate, a compound known as chloride of lime or bias is formed. This has been... 

A. H. Hooker, Chloride of lime in Sanitation, New York, 1913 Lassar Cohn, Arbeils- methoden fttr organischchemische Laboratorien, Hamburg, 1901. 

In addition to soln. of chloride of lime—lime bleach liquor—bleaching liquids with magnesium, zinc, or aluminium hypochlorites as the active agents have also been made and special virtues claimed for their use. For example, if magnesium sulphate be added to a soln. of bleaching powder, calcium sulphate is precipitated and a soln.—magnesia bleach liquor—of magnesium hypochlorite can be decanted off similarly with zinc hypochlorite—zinc bleach liquor and with aluminium hypochlorite—alumina bleach liquor, or Wilson s bleach liquor. 

With an equal volume of stannous chloride, the dilute solution of the extract (about 0-5% of dry matter) gives a violet precipitate if the extract is non-fermented or a dark brown precipitate if the extract is fermented. The same solution gives a bluish-violet precipitate with copper acetate, a blackish-blue precipitate with ferric chloride, and a violet precipitate with alum and then sodium carbonate. With chloride of lime it becomes first reddish-brown and then decolorised. 

Qualitative Tests.—The solution of the extract is reddish-yellow with a more or less brown tint by acids it is turned to orange and rendered slightly turbid and by alkalies crimson. Stannous chloride gives a red precipitate with the solution, ferric chloride a reddish-brown precipitate and alum and then sodium carbonate a red precipitate. The solution of the extract is decolorised by chloride of lime and also by sodium sulphite (difference from red sandalwood and the like). 

Qualitative Tests.—The solution of this extract is yellow and with acids becomes paler and then gives a yellow precipitate, whilst with alkalies it becomes darker and gives an orange-brown precipitate. The solution also gives a yellow precipitate with stannous chloride, a deep olive green precipitate with ferric chloride and a pale yellow precipitate with alum and then a few drops of sodium carbonate solution. With chloride of lime it first turns brown and then colourless, a brownish-yellow precipitate settling. 

Qualitative Tests.—The solution of quercitron extract is yellow and gives a pale, yellowish-brown precipitate with acids and turns brown with alkalies. Stannous chloride gives a yellow precipitate, ferric chloride an olive green precipitate, alum a light, yellow precipitate and a filtrate with greenish fluorescence, and copper acetate a greenish-yellow precipitate. With chloride of lime the solution becomes decolorised and yields a yellow precipitate. 

Qualitative Tests.—Carmine is insoluble in water, alcohol or ether. With acids it gives a yellowish-red coloration. In ammonia solution it is completely soluble with an intense red coloration. In potassium hydroxide solution it dissolves to a purple-violet liquid. It is decolorised by chloride of lime but not by sodium sulphite. It bums, emitting an odour of nitrogenous matter and leaving little ash. 

Potassium hydroxide Chloride of lime Hydrochloric acid... 

Chlor-5-oxy-8-chinoline (18 kg) was mixed with potassium hydroxide (6.0 kg), water (400 kg) and heated. To this solution 50 L saturated aqueous solution of potassium iodide (16.6 kg) was added, mixed and continued to heat. Solution was filtered at room temperature. Then to this yellow solution the solution of chloride of lime and 50 kg 5% solution of were added then all this was mixed and allowed to stand for 24 h. 

The hypohalite ions, OCl, OBr, and OI, are formed (along with equivalent quantities of the corresponding halide ions) when the elemental halogens are hydrolyzed in basic solution. Two solid hypobromites and several solid hypochlorites have been isolated. The so-called bleaching powder or chloride of lime, prepared by treatment of calcium hydroxide with chlorine, is often described as a mixed salt Ca(OCl)Cl (however,... 

Prior to the development of the liquid chlorine industry, the only means of transporting chlorine was as bleach. Common practice in the early years was to absorb the chlorine in hydrated lime, Ca(OH)2, to form chloride of lime, CaOCl2. Easily transported as a solid, this... 

Gather these materials Dilute nitric acid (HN03) chloride of lime (CaOCl2) water 3 small jars a glass stirring rod and scraps of discarded colored cotton cloth. 

Follow this procedure Label the three jars A, B and C. Fill all of them full of plain water. To jar A, add of a test tube of dilute nitric acid. To jar B, add of a test tube of dry chloride of lime. Caution Do not touch either of these chemicals with your hands. If any of the nitric acid or chloride of lime touches your skin, wash it immediately with plenty of water. 

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