Chiral ligand exchange chromatography CLEC

Chiral ligand-exchange chromatography (CLEC) ° separates enantiomers by the formation of diastereomeric metal complexes. In a first instance the technique was mainly used for the separation of amino acids. Impressive results of the first separations gave rise to intensive investigation in the field and numerous publications appeared in the literature, which have been reviewed. 

Based on preliminary results from Helfferich130, further developments by Davankov and co-workers5 131 133 turned the principle of chelation into a powerful chiral chromatographic method by the introduction of chiral-complex-forming synlhetie resins. The technique is based on the reversible chelate complex formation of the chiral selector and the selectand (analyte) molecules with transient metal cations. The technical term is chiral ligand exchange chromatography (CLEC) reliable and complete LC separation of enantiomers of free a-amino acids and other classes of chiral compounds was made as early as 1968 131. 

Figure 19. Resolution of analytes by chiral ligand exchange chromatography (CLEC). A hydroxy acids (reprinted with permission from ref 138) B dansyl amino acids (reprinted with permission from ref 139),...

Another molecular rect nition force is the metal-complex formation realized in chiral ligand-exchange chromatography (CLEC). The technique was first proposed by Helf-ferich ]400] and was turned into a powerful chromatographic technique by Davankov and co-workers [8,401 j. This technique is based on a reversible chelate-complex forma-... 

For a quite long period of time, chiral ligand-exchange chromatography (CLEC) has been the standard method for the enantioseparation of free amino acids. Meanwhile, other methods became available for these target molecules, such as teicoplanin or chiral crown-ether-based CSPs. However, for the enantioseparation of aliphatic a-hydroxy carboxylic acids, it is still one of the most efficient methods. 

Rozylo and Malinowska [39] proposed the use of these polymers to separate optical antipodes in TLC in view of the complexing property of Cu(II) retained on the chitin surface, in analogy with chiral ligand exchange chromatography (CLEC). These plates were not considered as CCPs (see Chapter 5) because they were constituted by a chiral sorbent impregnated with an achiral selector, in the opposite way to the CCPs formation. 

This separation technique, usually known as chiral ligand exchange chromatography (CLEC), was based on the three-point interaction rule, postulated by Dalgliesh [2] in 1952. 

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