China rice cultivation

Yao H, Jingyan J, Lianggang Z, Sass RL, Fisher FM. Comparison of field measurements of CH4 emission from rice cultivation in Nanjing, China and in Texas, USA. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 2001 18 1121-1130. 

Huang Y, Sass RE, Fisher FM. 1998. Model estimates of methane anission from irrigated rice cultivation of China. Global Change Biology 4 809-821. 

Rice is one of the oldest food crops. Currently, it does not seem possible to determine the place of domestication, but it probably occurred in India or China. Its cultivation in India, Indochina, China, Indonesia, and East Africa is prehistoric. It is now distributed throughout the tropics and warm parts of temperate regions of the world. The temperate zone varieties were named japonica, and the tropical zone varieties indica. 

A further point of interest in the East China Sea stratigraphy is the initial occurrenee of phytoliths at 13,900 years ago and then their absence from the sediments dated between 13,000 and 10,000 years ago. This latter period was characterized by a return to relatively cold conditions following rapid warming as the last ice age ended. This climatic deterioration may have resulted in an abandonment of rice cultivation which was resumed after 10,000 years before the present. 

In this study, 30 soil samples from rice farmland in Zhejiang province, in eastern China. We sampled the cultivation layer soils during rice harvest season. The soils are acidified and the average value of pH is 5.82. A sequential extraction procedure... 

Cultivating Rice in Nihe, China, and Davis, California... 

The nutritive characteristics of rice and its relative low cost make of this cereal a staple food in many countries, meeting almost completely (up to 80 percent) the food needs of half of the world population, and contributing over 50 percent of protein to the daily food intake [2]. From a general viewpoint, the major rice-producing countries are also large rice consumers and exporters. In fact, China and India, because of their hot and humid climates, favorable to the cultivation of rice, cover more than 50 percent of the world rice production and account for about 25 percent of the worldwide export of rice [3, 4]. 

The cockscomb pearl mussel, Cristaria plicata, lives in Japan and China. It produced the original rice-krispie pearls. They were small, irregular in shape, and had a wrinkled appearance. They were naturally white, but were frequently dyed. The mussels have thin shells and, when pearl cultivation was first attempted in China, were proved to be incapable of producing freshwater cultured pearls of high enough quality. 

The original attempts at Chinese pearl cultivation produced pearls which were relatively small and wrinkled. They were generally referred to as rice krispies after a well-known breakfast cereal of a similar shape. Nowadays much better quality non-nucleated cultured pearls are produced in China (Fig. 9.5). 

As the cultivation of cotton in Japan is declining there is a shortage of cotton seeds on the market, but of.course a large amount of cotton is produced in the USA, India and China. At present, in place of the.cotton seeds many of the fireworkers use rice chaff for small or medium shells and Japanese cypress seeds for large shells. 

Like wheat and barley, rice has been a source of food for people since thousands of years. Rice production originated in China, and was spread to South and Southeast Asia. Cultivated rice can be divided into two separate species Oryza sativa (Asian rice) and Oryza glaberrima (African rice). In terms of nutritional value and value of production, rice is the most important crop in the world. For 3.3 billion people living in Asia, rice provides 35—80% of their total calorie intake. 

The primary source of agroindustrial waste is residue from agricultural crops. The cultivation of wheaf, maize, rice, soybean, barley, rapeseed, sugarcane, and sugar beet results in the production of 3.3 Gt of agricultural waste per year. China, the United States, and India accoxmt for 60% of the crop residues produced (Bentsen and Felby, 2010). The level of agricultural waste production shows considerable differences over crop species, region of cultivation, and social, technical, and local factors (Lobell et al., 2009). 

Genotypes that yield black- or purple-colored kernels that are widely cultivated in southern China where this rice is called Heiyouzhab. It is the preferred rice to prepare sweet-and-sour desserts and puddings. These rices produce unique flavors such as fruity or nutty. 

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