China, legislation

Lei Zhou, Zhenming Xu. Response to waste electrical and electronic equipments in China legislation, recycling system, and advanced integrated process. Environmental Science Technology, A6 9) 4713-4724, 2012. 

As of the mid-1990s all commercial phosphoms is manufactured at a few sites around the world. Significant production occurs in Idaho and Montana in the United States, in the Netherlands, in Kazakstan, and in China smaller production occurs in Prance, Russia, and India. A large amount of furnace capacity has been shut down worldwide because of cost pressure from electric power costs, phosphate derived from purified wet acid, and detergent phosphate bans legislated in the Western World. However, as of late 1995, additional production is stiU being brought on line in China. 

Furthermore, China has recently implemented a chemical legislation similar to EU REACH, and the legislation is sometimes called the China REACH. The China REACH came into force in 15 October 2010. 

Monascin colorants are well entrenched in Asia, particularly China, Japan, and Taiwan and probably will continue to be an important product in view of then-long history. They are not allowed in the US and there seems to be little interest in them. Certainly, the situation illustrated by the Cholestin debate will have to be settled, probably by new legislation, before a commercial firm petitions to have Monascin colorants pemitted in the US. 

Japan, South Korea and China, today the countries with the most extensive new ship building industry, have not yet implemented registration schemes for AF products but legislative initiatives are on the way and the coming into force of legislation analogous with e.g. the European BPD is envisaged within near future. 

The Administrative Measure on the Control of Pollution Caused by Electronic Information Products (China-RoHS) entered into force in March 2007.85 The legislation is applicable to import, manufacture, and sale of products in China. Products for export are specifically excluded. Many product types that are not within the scope of the EU RoHS are within the scope of the China RoHS and vice versa. In addition, the initial disclosure, declaration, and exemption requirements for a RoHS certificate in China are different from the EU RoHS. The same six hazardous substances are regulated (lead, cadmium, chromium(VI), mercury, PBBs, and PBDEs, with the exception of deca-BDE). The China RoHS is likely to be upgraded to national regulation and to be amended in the future to potentially cover more products. More detailed materials testing is required in the China RoHS and is accepted only if performed by certified Chinese laboratories. A table in the product documentation must identify which hazardous substances are contained and which components are present. 

The preferred public health technology on the grounds of effectiveness and cost is universal salt iodization (USl). This means that all food industry salt for human (and animal) consumption should be iodized, which requires legislative action. The recommended level is 20 0 mg iodine/kg salt (WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD, 1996). Such a measure has been adopted by many countries, including the highly populated countries, such as Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia and Nigeria. 

No legislation China, Comoros, Congo (Brazzaville), Dominican Republic, Ethiopia, Lao People s Democratic Republic, Togo, Ukraine ... 

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