Chilling tolerance

A shift in temperature from 38 to 22 °C leads to desaturation of fatty acids in Anabaena variabilis [110], resulting in control of the fluidity of the plasma membrane. Mutants have been isolated in Synechocystis PCC 6803 that were defective in desaturation of fatty acids, and the growth rate of one of these mutants was much lower than that of the wild-type at 22 °C [112]. It turned out that the mutant strain had a mutation in the gene desA, and when the wild-type allele was introduced into the chilling-sensitive cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans, it resulted in increasing the tolerance of that strain to low temperature [113]. These experiments nicely demonstrate the existence of a mechanism of adaptation to low temperature in a chilling-tolerant cyanobacterium. 

KANG H M, PARK K w and SALTVEIT M E (2002) Elevated growing temperatures during the day improve the postharvest chilling tolerance of greenhouse-grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus) fruit . Postharvest Biol Technol, 24 (1) 49-57. 

Gomes, E., Jakobsen, M.K., Axelsen, K.B., Geisler, M. and Palmgren, M.G., 2000, Chilling tolerance in Arabidopsis involves ALAI, a member of a new family of aminophosphoHpid translocases. Plant Cell, 12 2441-2454. 

Laluente MT, Sala JM, Zacarias L (2004) Active oxygen detoxifying enzymes and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in the ethylene-induced chilling tolerance in citrus fmit. J Agric Food Chem 52(11) 3606-3611... 

Gemel, J., Saczynska, V. Kaniuga, Z. (1988). Galactolipase activity and free fatty acid levels in chloroplast of domestic and wild tomatoes with different chilling tolerance. Physiologia Plantarum 74, 509-14. 

Songstad, D.D., Duncan, D.R. Widholm, J.M. (1990). Proline and polyamine involvement in chilling tolerance of maize suspension cultures. Journal of Experimental Botany 41, 289-94. 

Kang HM, Saltviet M. Chilling tolerance of maize, cucumber and rice seedling leaves and roots are differentially affected by salicylic acid, Physiol Plant 2002 115 571-6. 

Cultivars differ in chilling tolerance. Chilling tolerance in rice cultivars was closely linked to the cold stability of CAT and APX when chilling sensitive cultivar K-sen 4 was compared to tolerant cultivar Dunghan Ahali during a 7-day exposure to 5°C (Saruyama and Tanida 1995). Often, the less-tolerant cultivars benefit more... 

There are other preconditioning techniques in addition to heat that could lead to chilling tolerance. Irrigation with saline water (0.25% NaCl w/v) improves carotenoid content and antioxidant activity of tomato (De Pascale et al. 2001) and may lead to enhanced chilling tolerance. In sweet potato cultivars, enhanced coloration as a result of soil condition and water availability also led to high antioxidant potential (Philpott et al. 2003). 

Al-Haddad, J.M., and A.F. Al-Jamali. 2003. Effect of HjOj and ethephon spray on seedling chilling tolerance in three tomato cultivars. FoodAgric. Environ. 1 219-221. 

Kang, H.M., K.W. Park, and M.E. Saltveit. 2005. Chilling tolerance of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedling radicles is affected by radicle length, seedling vigor, and induced osmotic- and heat-shock proteins. Physiol. Plant. 124 485 92. 

Sabehat, A., D. Weiss, and S. Lurie. 1996. The correlation between heat shock protein accumulation and persistence and chilling tolerance in tomato fruit. Plant Physiol. 110 531-547. 

Sala, J.M., and M.T. Lafuente. 1999. Catalase in the heat-induced chilling tolerance of cold-stored hybrid fortune mandarin fruits. J. Agric. Food Chem. 47 2410-2414. 

Saltveit, M.E. 2002. Heat shocks increase the chilling tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa) seedling radicles. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50 3232-3235. 

C.W., T.M. Murphy, and C.H. Lin. 2003. Hydrogen peroxide-induced chilling tolerance in mung beans mediated through ABA-independent glutathione accumulation. Funct. Plant Biol. 30 955-963. 

CHILLING-INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY OF CHILLING-TOLERANT AND CHILLING-SENSITIVE CULTIVARS OF ZEA HAYS... 

Chilling-Induced Alterations in the Photosynthetic Capacity of Chilling-Tolerant and... 

Pericarp disks of tomato cvs Early Cherry ( EC, chilling-sensitive) and New York 280 ( NY, chilling-tolerant) were fed C-acetate at 20 or 4 °C. The disks were prepared from unchilled control fruits and from fruits chilled for 6 h or 8 d. Lipids were separated by TLC. Positional analysis of the fatty acids of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) was carried out by reverse phase TLC after sn- specific lipase hydrolysis. 

Combos Z, Wada H, Murata N. The recovery of photosynthesis from low-temperature photoinhibition is accelerated by the unsaturation of membrane lipids a mechanism of chilling tolerance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994 in press. 

Wada H, Combos Z, Murata N. Enhancement of chilling tolerance of a cyanobacterium by genetic manipulation of fatty acid desaturation. Nature 1990 347 200-203. 

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