Chilling shortenings

Typical overall heat-transfer coefficients in food applications are U = 1700 W/m K (300 btu/h ft °F) for cooling margarine with NH3, 2270 (400) for heating applesauce with steam, 1420 (250) for chilling shortening with NH3, and 2270 (400) for cooling cream with water (B6). 

Figure 20 is a photograph of an intermediate crystallizer that can be mounted directly on each chilling tube to ensure correct plasticity and crystal formation in all types of products such as table margarine, soft margarine, shortening, and cake and cream margarine. Intermediate crystallizers can be equipped with T pins that are especially suited for production of puff pastry. 

The desired shortening flake product dictates the chill roll operating conditions and additional treatment necessary before and after packaging. However, some generalizations relative to chill roll operations and product quality can be made. 

While the process is fairly straightforward, a properly produced shortening requires judicious control over the chilling, plasticizing, and tempering operations to make it into a satisfactory product. Control of the SSHE equipment, which is... 

In a randomized study in 956 volunteers aged 17-72 years a shortened immunization schedule of injections at 0, 1, and 2 months were compared with a schedule of injections at 0,1, and 12 months (16). Adverse events were transient and mild to moderate. Soreness was the most frequently reported local symptom (82%), whereas fatigue (20-22%) was the most frequently reported general symptom. Two volunteers had more serious adverse events severe chills and shaking in one and an episode of syncope (lasting a few minutes with complete recovery) on the day of the first dose in another. The authors concluded that doses at 0, 1, and 2 months would provide protection during a typical tick-transmission season. 

The major acute reaction to intravenous amphotericin B is fever and chills, which typically end spontaneously in 30 minutes and often abate with subsequent infusions. Tachypnea and modest hypotension may occur, but true bronchospasm or anaphylaxis is rare. Patients with preexisting cardiac or lung disease may become hypotensive or hypoxic. Pretreatment with oral acetaminophen or intravenous glucocorticoids decreases reactions, while meperidine may shorten the duration of established reactions. 

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