Child and Adolescent Services

Ascher, B., Farmer, E., Burns, B., and Angold, A. (1996) The Child and Adolescent Services Assessment (CASA) description and psychometrics. / Emotional Behav Disord 4 12-20. 

Child and Adolescent Services Research New York State Psychiatric Institute Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York, NY... 

The advancement of reforms in systems of child and adolescent mental health and education, such as the Child and Adolescent Service System Program (cassp Day Roberts, 1991 Hodges, Nesman, Hernandez, 1998) and revisions and improvements to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (Douglas, 1998 Tirozzi Uro, 1997). 

Collaborate with Everyone Involved with Child. Based on the foundations established by the Child and Adolescent Service System Program (cassp) principles (Day Roberts, 1991), team and individual meetings are used to establish consensus on goals and treatment. Collaborative services are therefore child centered, family focused, community based, culturally competent, and least restrictive/least intrusive. 

Day, C., Roberts, M, C. (1991). Activities of the child and adolescent service system program for improving mental health services for children and families. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 20, 340-350. 

The provision of services varies widely across Europe. Using the ratio of child and adolescent psychiatrists to the population under the age of 20 years, the best provision of service is found in Switzerland (1 5300), followed by Finland (1 6600), France (1 7500), and Sweden (1 7700) (Remschmidt and van Engeland, 1999)... 

A survey on the use of antidepressive agents by an entire country s child and adolescent psychiatric services was recently conducted in Denmark (5 million inhabitants) by sending a questionnaire to all child and adolescent psychiatric departments and specialists with private practices. The response rate from all in- and outpatient clinics as well as from specialists with their own practice was 93.5%. Thirty-two departments and specialists received the survey and 30 were returned. Practitioners were asked to go through their files and report the number of children on medication and the indications for the treatment. Altogether, approximately 5000 children and adolescents were in psychiatric care (out of approximately 1 million children and adolescents in the age group 0-19 years). Of these, 400 (8%) were treated with an antidepressant on the date of the survey (February 8). 

Child psychiatry in Japan has a relatively long history of its own. In the 1950s, several medical schools started child psychiatric services in their departments of psychiatry, primarily through child psychiatrists who had trained in the United States. In 1959, clinical psychiatrists and allied professionals who were interested in mental health and disorders of children first established the Japanese Society of Child Psychiatry. This society published the first issue of the Japanese Journal of Child Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines in 1960, the same year as the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines in the United Kingdom, a year ahead of the Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry in the United States, and well over 30 years before European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 

National Institute of Mental Health. Implementation of the national plan for research on child and adolescent mental disorders. PA-91-46. Washington, DC US Dept of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, 1991. 

Cheryl Walder, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service Team Manager, Registered Mental Health Nurse... 

Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) <18s Close links with paediatrics, schools and GPs Emphasises family working and psychological interventions... 

Work closely with GPs, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), schools, employer, etc. 

Any additional services which are part of the PRU such as Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services will not be inspected direaly but in future may be part of the Joint Area Reviews. 

CAMHS Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services... 

Leaf, P. J, Alegria, M Cohen, R, Goodman, S. H., Horowitz, S. M., Houen, C. W., Narrow, W. E., Vaden-Kieman, M., Regeier, D. A. (1996). Mental health service use in the community and schools Results from the 4 community MECA study. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 889-897. 

Clauss-Ehlers, C. S., Weist, M. (2002). Qiildren are news worthy Working effectively with the media to improve systems of child and adolescent mental health. In H. Ghuman, M. Weist, R. Sarles (Eds.), Providing mental health services to youth where they are School and community-based approaches. 

Child and adolescent psychiatrists may consult in school settings and with other mental health professionals and school staff. They also participate in diagnostic evaluations and make treatment recommendations. Because psychiatrists are relatively few in number, compared to the other mental health professionals, their role as consultant allows for maximal use of their expertise. In keeping with their genearal training emphasis on the more severe psychiatric disorders, child and adolescent psychiatrists tend to be more involved with students in mental health and special education fecilities as well as with public school students eligible for special education services. 

Mental health should not be viewed strictly as a direct service rather interventions should seek to influence school climate and address schoolwide challenges. For instance, providing school staff with assistance on child and adolescent development issues, conflict resolution strategies, classroom behavior management, and promotion of self-discipline should be on the agenda. 

MICHAEL E. FARAN, ALBERT Y.SAITO, and JEFFREY W. WEISER Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96859. MARK D. WEIST University... 

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