Chicle

Chicle is the coagulated latex from red and white sapodilla trees Achras sapota). Its main use is as chewing gum base. 

Over 1000 years ago, the Mayans used chicle as a chewing gum their descendants continued the practice into the 19th century. It resurfaced as a chewing gum base in about 1870-1880. The well-known Mexican General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna felt it could have commercial value as a rubber and had an American inventor, Thomas Adams, investigate this for him. Adams found it unsuitable as a rubber but saw its possibilities as an improvement over the then-current chewing gum base. Samples were made up, they were well liked, and the industry switched to chicle as a preferred gum base (8). 

Chewing gum is enjoying increased usage in the world and would be in short supply if chicle were the only base. Other bases now being used include refined pine tree resins from the southeastern U.S., jelutong from Indonesia and Malaysia, and synthetic rubbers such as polyisobutylene and styrene-butadiene rubber. Chicle consumption is estimated in the United States at 1000- 2000 tons per year. 

1 American Society for Tfesting and Materials 1987 Standard specification for rubber - concentrated, ammonia preserved, creamed and centrifuged natural latex. D 1076-80. ASTM Philadelphia 

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PoJy (3,3-bis (chloromethyl) oxelane), chlorinated polyether (R CHiCl) is widely used for injection moulding and coaling. 

The latex of the Sapota achras yields a thermoplastic material, chicle, consisting of about 17.4% hydrocarbon, 40% acetone soluble resin and 35% occluded water. The hydrocarbon appears to contain both trans- and c/s-polyisoprene. Although originally introduced as gutta pereha and natural rubber substitutes, deresinated chicle has become important as the base for chewing gum. Like other polyisoprenes, it is meeting competition from synthetic polymers. 

TIMP-1, TIMP-2 Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1 and 2 Ha Thymus leukaemia antigen TLC TTiin-layer chromatt raphy TLCK Tosyl-lysyl-CHiCl TLP Tumour-like proliferation Tm T memory... 

Chlorinated Paraffins. Cl will displace one, two, three, or more hydrogens from the paraffins. These substitution products are referred to as mono (C H2 tiCI), dr (C H Cb). iri (C H2 .>CIi). and so on. Monochloro derivatives include methyl chloride. CHvCI. ethyl chloride. CjHjCI. and propyl chloride. C3H7CI. These are also called alkyl chlorides. Examples of dichlom compounds include methylene dichloride. CHiCL. and ethylene dichloridc, C3H.1CI1 Chloroform. CHCl.v, and... 

At least one natural polyisoprene consists of both cis and trans isomers. Chicle, found in Central America, is approximately 75% trans, the remainder being ds. It was used as the base for chewing gum for many years, until it was replaced in the midtwentieth century by the synthetic polymer poly (vinyl acetate). 

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