Cherenkov

The P-emission of P is energetic enough in its passage through water to emit light (Cherenkov effect). This emission can be measured by a photomultiplier tube with a typical efficiency of ca 40%. 

Pulse Train,Cherenkov Light, Absorption Toronto Univ.(1970) ... 

Pulse Train, Photo Diode, Absorption and Emission, Hahn Meitner Institute (1972) jingle Pulse.Cherenkov Light, Absorption, Argonne N. L. (1975) ... 

Pulse Train, Cherenkov. Absorption, Hokkaido Univ. (1982) ... 

Novoselova E, Cherenkov D, Glushkova O, Novoselova T, Chudnovski V, lusupov V, Fesenko E (2006) Effect of low-intensity laser radiation (632.8 nm) on immune cells isolated from mice. Biotizika51(3) 509-518... 

Cherenkov( erenkov)Radiation is the very faint emission of a bluish light from transparent substances(such as glass, water, etc) developed in the vicinity of strong radioactive sources. This phenomenon, first observed by M-me Curie ca 1910 and later by other workers in the field of radioactivity, was not understood until P.A.Cherenkov explained it after conducting exhaustive studies in 1934-1938, incl. He also developed an instrument("Cheren-kov counter ) which became useful for research... 

The complete mathematical theory and numerous applications of Cherenkov radiation in various fields, such as optics, nuclear physics, high frequency radio techniques, astrophysics and cosmic rays are discussed in the Ref... 

Quantitate 2pL of eluate by Cherenkov counting (using the ratio of [a-32P]... 

Recovery should be - - 90% from input into the reaction through this purification procedure ( - -45 pmol total yield), as quantified by Cherenkov counting. 

C. Vavilov-Cherenkov Radiation and Photoradiation Reactions in Tracks... 

The second term in formula (5.23) is nonzero only if p2e(a>) > 1, which is the condition of existence of transversal waves in the medium. These waves are the Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation,211 so that second term gives us the losses of particle s energy on Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation. This radiation is observed in the frequency range where (w) is real [i.e., e2(w) = 0],148 and the absorption is negligible. In this case the second term is independent of b, and the particle s field has the form of waves propagating into infinity. If the absorption is large, the Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation is absorbed in the nearest vicinity of the point where it was produced. 

V. P. Zrelov, Valilov-Cherenkov Radiation and Its Application in High Energy Physics. Atomizdat, Moscow, 1968, Vols. 1 and 2 (in Russian). 

Nanoporous materials are of great interest for example for their photoluminescent properties (silicon) or possible use as templates (alumina). The types of synthesis of these materials are numerous and the etching/ anodization influences the results [27 - 29]. A detailed studied of Cherenkov radiation in nanoporous alumina membranes has been done which explains the existence of low energy peaks around 7-8 eV [30] (Figure 9 left). Whereas for a cylindrical hole in alumina the simulation does not show a peak, a cylindrical shell of alumina does. The Cherenkov radiation is confined in the shell, as in a wave guide, and a peak appears. If an effective... 

Figure 9. Left experimental spectrum obtained in the center of a hole in porous alumina. Right three LELS relativistic simulations. (Reprinted from Surface Science 532-535 Zabala N, Rivacoba, Garcia de Abajo F.J. and Pattantyus A., Cherenkov radiation effects in EELS for nanoporous alumina membranes, 461-467 Copyright (2003) with permission from Elsevier)...

The isotope 40K can be analyzed in natural water samples with the Cherenkov counting technique.2 3 Because of the lack of a suitable radiotracer for K and the similarity between the chemistries of rubidium and potassium, 86Rb can be used as a tracer for K.4 Also, thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) has been used to determine 40K in environmental samples. The interference of mass 40 can be solved by double spiking with 43Ca/48Ca the procedure for the routine high-precision isotope analysis of the K-Ca system will then be free of Ca fractionations.5... 

Pullen, B.P. 1986. Cherenkov counting of 40K in KC1 using a liquid scintillation spectrometer../. Chem. Educ. 63 971-976. 

Rao, D.D., V. Sudheendren, A. Baburajan, S. Chandramouli, A.G. Hegde, and U.C. Mishra. 1986. Measurement of high energy gross beta and 40K by Cherenkov counting in liquid scintillation analyzer. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 243 651-655. 

Noor, A., M. Zakir, B. Rasyid, Marning, and M.F. L Annaunziata. 1996. Cherenkov and liquid scintillation analysis of the triple label 86Rb-35S-33P. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 47 659-668. 

Blackburn, R. and M.S. Al-Masri. 1993. Determination of radon-222 and radium-226 in water samples by Cherenkov counting. Analyst 118 873-876. 

Fig. 9. Experimental setup for observation of ultrarelativistic A2e a) - channel scheme p - internal proton beam, T - film target, F - polyester film,CL - collimators, H -horizontal magnetic field, C - plexiglas converter b) - magnet and detectors MP - poles of spectrometer magnet, VC - vacuum chamber, DC1, DC2 and DC3 - drift chambers, SI and S2 - scintillation counters, C - gas Cherenkov counters...

Charged particles were detected by the telescopes Ti and T2. The track coordinates were measured by drift chambers. The time interval between detector hits in Ti and T2 was measured by scintillation hodoscopes. Electrons and positrons were rejected by gas Cherenkov counters, and muons by scintillation... 

Fig. 15. Schematic top view of the DIRAC spectrometer. Moving from the target station toward the magnet there are four MicroStrip Gas Chambers (MSGC), two Scintillating Fibre Detectors (SFD) and an Ionization Hodoscope (IH). Located downstream from the dipole magnet, on each arm of the spectrometer, are 4 modules of Drift Chambers (DC), a Vertical and a Horizontal Hodoscope (VH, HH), a Cherenkov counter (C), a Preshower detector (PSh) and, behind an iron absorber, a Muon counter (Mu)...

Cherenkov radiation is electromagnetic radiation emitted when a charged particle (such as an electron) passes through an insulator at a constant speed greater than the phase velocity of light in that medium. The characteristic "blue glow" of nuclear reactors is due to Cherenkov radiation. 

Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov (1904-1990). 40Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1917). 

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