Chemotherapeutic compounds

Potentially beneficial roles of imino sugars as chemotherapeutic compounds, based on their complex interactions with such vital and essential metabolic processes as glycosphingolipidoses, tumor development, or the immune system have also been recently reviewed408 and have remained hot topics. 409 11... 

Bay, E., Steinberg, G.M. 1973. Evaluation of chemotherapeutic compounds In nerve agent poisoning. EATR 4716. 

Jensch, H. (1937). New chemotherapeutic compounds of the 4-amino-quinoline series. Angew. Chem., 50 891-895. 

There are three major approaches to assessing the potential activity of a chemotherapeutic compound prior to human clinical trials. In vitro assays, either solution- or solid-phase, are often used early in the screening process, especially when a biologically relevant molecular interaction has been identified. Studies in cultured mammalian cells are employed to predict the activity of a compound. If a compound shows promise in such in vitro and cell-based assays, then it is tested extensively in animals before proceeding to humans. The remainder of this chapter discusses these three methods as potential routes to identifying active platinum compounds from combinatorial libraries. 

With the advent of antibiotics, the hit and miss discovery of the antimicrobial chemotherapeutic compounds became less important and less lucrative, since a large number of antibiotics that were discovered in a short period of time acted as magic bullets against various types of infections. 

Newton, B. A. Chemotherapeutic Compounds Affecting DNA Stmcture and Function. In Advances in Pharmacology and Chemotherapy, edited by S. Garattini,... 

A. J., Chemotherapeutic Compounds in Fertilizer Bands (1974) Trans 10th Congress, Int. Soil Sci. Soc., Moscow, Russia, Com. IV, 203-208. 

Furthermore, cyanide is a metabolic product of ingested Laetrile (an alleged cancer chemotherapeutic compound not available in this country) and may have been responsible for the deaths of some patients who took this substance. 

Chemotherapy was first used for the treatment of advanced lymphomas in the 1940s [1], Since then several classes of chemotherapeutic compounds such as alkylating agents, antimetabolites, anthracyclines, plant alkaloids, and later topoisomerase inhibitors and taxanes have been identified or synthesized to treat various forms of cancer [2, 3], Although numerous in vitro and animal studies have demonstrated their effectiveness in inducing cancer cell death (cytotoxic) or cell growth arrest (cytostatic), these promising anticancer activities seen in the controlled environment of the laboratory frequently do not translate well into the expected clinical outcomes [4-8]. 

Among all ABC transporters, P-gp, also known as MDRl protein, ABCBl or CD243, is probably the most studied and characterized member. It was first found as a 170-kDa ATP-dependent membrane glycoprotein that acts as a drug efflux pump [15], P-gp is a broad-spectrum transporter, capable of transporting several structurally and functionally unrelated substrate molecules. Its substrates are typically hydrophobic, amphipathic products, including many chemotherapeutic compounds used for cancer treatment, e.g., vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine), taxanes (paclitaxel, docetaxel), epipodophyllotoxins (etoposide, teniposide), anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin), topotecan, dactinomycin, and mitomycin-C [37]. 

Suitable chemotherapeutic compounds are topoisomerase inhibitors, anthracychnes, doxorubicin, cisplastin, carboplatin, vincristine, mitromycine, taxol, camptothecin, ribozymes, dactino-mycines, antisense oligonucleotides, or therapeutic radionuclides (38). 

In contemporary medicine, M. pudica is being investigated for its potential to yield novel chemotherapeutic compounds. It contains an alkaloid called mimosine [21], which has been found to have potent anti-proliferative and apoptotic properties [22]. The pharmacological activities found based on literatures, researches and traditional uses are concisely tabulated in Table 1. 

The sensitivity of luminescence to many substances that cause harmful effects in animals invites preliminary tests for possible nontoxicity of new chemotherapeutic compounds. Unfortunately, the criterion is not... 

Study of ring-brominated valerophenones revealed high rate constants for radical cleavage of bromine atoms from the benzene rings of the excited triplets, a fact that could lead to new photoactivated chemotherapeutic compounds. Likewise, the study of p-(3-buten-4-oxy)-substituted valerophenones revealed large rate constants for [2-1-2]-cycloaddition of the remote double bond to the benzene ring. ... 

While Sulfur Mustard was used extensively in World War I and World War II, its relative Nitrogen Mustard was stockpiled by several nations during the Second World War, but never used in combat. All Nitrogen Mustards (HN-1, HN-2 and HN-3) were synthesized in the 1930s, but were not produced in amounts large enough for warfare. Mechlorethamine (HN-2 Mustargen) became a prototypical cancer chemotherapeutic compound and remained the standard compound for this purpose for many years [23]. 

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