Chemosensates

Pungent and hot compounds are used especially in savoury formulations and seasonings but can also be formulated in low amounts for other applications. 

Tingling compounds are mostly used in oral-care products and chewing gums. In low amounts, they can be used for spicy formulations. Most of the tingling compounds can trigger salivation to a certain extent [54]. 

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In the squamous/stratified epithelium covering, the palatal aperture of the N-P canals and the dorso-lateral surfaces of the papilla, there are occasional clusters of taste buds. These non-olfactory chemosensory elements are positioned at or near to the entrance to the AOS, suggesting that some initial chemosensation may arise from the sampling of material... 

Isgor YG, Akkaya EU (1997) Chemosensing in deep red a squaraine-based fluorescent chemosensor for pH. Tetrahedron Lett 38 7417-7420... 

Zhang, Y. Synchrotron Radiation Direct Photo Etching of Polymers. Vol. 168, pp. 291-340. Zheng, J. and Swager, T. M. Polyfarylene ethynylene)s in Chemosensing and Biosensing. Vol. 177, pp. 151-177. 

The vomeronasal organ is an accessory chemosensing system that plays a major role in the detection of conspecific chemical cues, also known as pheromones 824... 

Consideration of the origins and evolution of chemosensation can help one to begin to understand the themes of olfaction and chemical communication that are common to diverse phyletic groups. This section emphasizes ideas that were propounded with characteristic clarity and elegance by the late Vincent Dethier in his 1990 R. H. Wright Lectures on Olfaction. Because the published version of those lectures (1) may not be widely accessible, some of Dethier s main points are restated here. 

Pei and coworkers [362] synthesized fluorene copolymer functionalized with imidazole ligands in the side chains (270). The PL emission of 270 was sensitive to the presence of metal cations in solution (particularly efficient quenching was due to Cu2+), which makes it a promising material for fluorescent chemosensing. 

Fabbrizzi L, Leone A, Taglietti A (2001) A chemosensing ensemble for selective carbonate detection in water based on metal-ligand interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed 40 3066-3069... 

Zheng J, Swager TM (2005) Poly(arylene ethynylene)s in chemosensing and biosensing. Adv Polym Sci 177 151-179... 

Saxena A, Fujiki M, Rai R, Kim S-Y, Kwa G (2004) Highly sensitive and selective fluoride ion chemosensing, fluoroalkylated polysilane. Macromol Rapid Commun 25 1771-1775... 

D. G. and Pikramenou Z. (1997) Chemosensing of Monocyclic and Bicyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Supramolecular Active Sites, in Desvergne J.-P. and Czarnik A. W. (Eds), Chemosensors of Ion and Molecule Recognition, NATO ASI series, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 159-76. 

The signal transduction is obviously a very important aspect of the chemosensing scheme. Even if one exciton could sample an almost infinite number of binding sites, that would be of no benefit if the analyte was not able to alter its fluorescence. In other words, in order for there to be ampHfication, a signal must be present that can be amplified. There are several mechanisms by which signal... 

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