Chemoprevention carotenoids

Zhang, L. X., R. V. Cooney, and J. S. Bertram. 1991. Carotenoids enhance gap junctional communication and inhibit lipid peroxidation in C3H/10T1/2 cells Relationship to their cancer chemopreventive action. Carcinogenesis 12(11) 2109—2114. 

The induction of differentiation may be an effective mechanism for chemoprevention of chronic diseases. It has been reported that lycopene alone induced differentiation of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells (Amir et al., 1999). A similar effect was also observed for other carotenoids, including P-carotene and lutein (Liu et al., 1997 Sokoloski et al.,1997). 

Naturally occurring compounds such as phytochemicals, which possess anticar-cinogenic and other beneficial properties, are referred to as chemopreventers. One of the predominant mechanisms of their protective action is due to their antioxidant activity and the capacity to scavenge free radicals. Among the most investigated chemopreventers are some vitamins, plant polyphenols, and pigments such as carotenoids, chlorophylls, flavonoids, and betalains. Resolution of the potential protective roles of... 

Carotenoids have beneficial effects in cancer chemoprevention (Astrog, 1997). Fucoxanthin, one of the the major carotenoids in brown algae, is known to exhibit antitumor activity against human neuroblastoma GOTO cells (Okuzumi et al., 1990). Inhibitory effects on mouse duodenum and on skin carcinogenesis have also been reported (Okuzumi et al., 1993 Satomi et al., 1996). 

Many bioactive phytochemicals were systematically studied after their fractionation and characterization from many vegetables and fruits. New biological effects such as the differentiation-inducing activity of carotenoids— particularly vitamin A—were described in the 1930s. In addition, several experimental results suggested that various carotenoids might serve as dietary chemopreventive agents [6] because of their ability to quench excited molecules and excess radicals. 

Development of a Mixture of Dietary Carotenoids as Cancer Chemopreventive Agents C57BI./6J Mice as a Useful Animal Model for Efficacy Studies with Carotenoids... 

Khachik, F. et al.. Distribution of carotenoids in fruits and vegetables as a criterion for the selection of appropriate chemopreventive agents, in Food Factors for Cancer Prevention, Ohigashi, H., Osawa, T., Terao, J., Watanabe, S., Yoshikawa, T., Eds., Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, 1997, p. 204. 

Forman, M.R. et al.. The fluctuation of plasma carotenoid concentrations by phase of the menstrual cycle a controlled diet study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 64, 559, 1996. Lipkin, M., Summary of recommendations for colonic biomarker studies of candidate chemopreventive compounds in phase II clinical trials, J. Cell. Biochem., Suppl. 19, 94, 1994. 

Kelloff, G.J. et al.. Strategy and planning for chemopreventive drug development clinical development plans beta-carotene and other carotenoids, J. Cell Biochem., 20 (Suppl.), 110, 1994. 

If the prevention of oxidative DNA damage plays an important role in the cancer chemopreventive effects of dietary antioxidants, then one would expect to see an inverse relationship between antioxidant intake and biomarkers of oxidative DNA damage. Lymphocyte ascorbate concentrations were inversely associated with lymphocyte 8-oxodG concentrations in 105 men and women (r=-0.28)." However, plasma concentrations of a-tocopherol and carotenoids were positively correlated with lymphocyte concentrations of 8-oxodG in a study of 52 healthy women (r=0.29 to... 

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