Green polymer chemistry

Kobayashi S, Makino A (2009) Enzymatic polymer synthesis an opportunity for green polymer chemistry. Chem Rev 109 5288-5353... 

General reviews of polymer biocatalysis can be found in (a) Cheng, H.N., and Gross, R.A. (eds) (2008) Polymer Biocatalysis and Biomaterials II, ACS Symposium Series 999, American Chemical Society. (b) Cheng, H.N., and Gross, R.A. (eds) (2005) Polymer Biocatalysis and Biomaterials, ACS Symposium Series 900, American Chemical Society. (c) Kobayashi, S., and Makino, A. (2009) Enzymatic polymer synthesis an opportunity for green polymer chemistry. Chem. Rev., 109, 5288-5353. (d) Kobayashi, S Uyama, H., and Kimura, S. (2001) Enzymatic polymerization. Chem. Rev.,... 

Cheng, H.N., and R.A. Gross, eds. Green Polymer Chemistry Biocatalysis and Biomaterials. ACS Symposium Series. Vol. 1043. 2010, American Chemical Society. 

MUL 13] Mulhaupt R., Green polymer chemistry and bio-based plastics dreams and verity , Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, vol. 214, pp. 159-174,2013. 

Green Polymer Chemistry 2012 Cologne. Germany http //www2.amiplastics.com/Events/Event. aspx code=C412 sec= 1853... 

Scholz C, FuUer RC, Lenz RW (1994) Growth and polymer incorporation of Pseudomonas oleo-vorans on alkyl esters of heptanoic acid. Macromolecules 27 2886-2889 Scott G (1994) Environmental biodegradation of hydrocarbon polymers. In Doi Y, Fukuda K (eds) Biodegradable plastics and polymers. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 79-91 Scott G (1997) Abiotic control of polymer biodegradation. Trends Polym Sd 5 361-368 Scott G (1999) Biodegradable polymers. In Scott G (ed) Polymers and the environment. Royal Society of Chemistry, London, pp. 93-125 Scott G (2000) Green polymers. Polym Degrad Stab 68 1-7... 

Enz5matic polymerization is an important issue for green polymer chemistry to save energy in production processes and to reduce the formation of undesired by-products since the reaction is mostly selective. In general, an enz5mie catalyzed reaction proceeds much faster than a conventional reaction, by lowering the activation energy. 

Cheng, H. N. Gross, R. A., Green Polymer Chemistry Biocatcdysis and Biomaterials. American Chemical Society Washington, D C, 2010 Vol. 1043. 

Kobayasbi, S. Makino, A., Enzymatic Polymer Synthesis An Opportunity for Green Polymer Chemistry. Chem. Rev. 2009,109, 5288-5353. 

Hofer R, Sehg M. Green chemistry and green polymer chemistry. In Matyjaszewski K, Moller M, editors. Polymer science -a comprehensive reference. McGrath JE, Hickner MA, Hofer R, editors. Polymers for a sustainable environment and green energy, vol. 10. Amsterdam, Oxford, Waltham Elsevier 2012, ISBN 9780444533494. p. 5-14. 

Ross-Murphy S.B., Stepto R.T. Greening polymers for the 21st century real prospects and virtual reahties, in Emerging Themes in Polymers Science, Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 2001. 

Green polymer synthesis—the preparation of polymers by environmentally friendly methods using starting materials that are not derived from petroleum—is an active area of research. One example is the polymerization of tulipalin A, a natural product derived from tulips, to afford polytulipalin. Polytulipalin has properties similar to some petroleum-derived polymers, but its availability from a natural source has made It a possible attractive alternative to these polymers. Polymerization occurs in the presence of a strong base (B ), and each new C-C bond in polytulipalin is formed by a Michael reaction. Draw a stepwise mechanism for the formation of one C-C bond in polytulipalin. (See Section 30.8 for other aspects of green polymer chemistry.)... 

This article reviews the enzyme-catalyzed polymerization and chemical recycling of biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, polycarbonates, polythioesters, polyphosphates, and polysiloxane, particularly highlighted for the nascent green polymer chemistry. 

The significance of green polymer chemistry is clearly a more environmentally acceptable and desirable technology and the major implication is ultimately a sustainable polymer industry based on green chemistry, renewable resources, and natural processes. The transition will be implemented deliberately and slowly over many years as new technology evolves based on renewable resources to replace fossil resources with a minimum of economic penalty to the consumer. 

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