Chemiluminescence, modified

Hyvonen PM, Kowolik MJ. Human neutrophil priming chemiluminescence modified by hydroxyapatite and three bisphosphonates in vitro. J Clin Lab Immunol 1993 40 69-76. 

Nowadays all over the world considerable attention is focused on development of chemical sensors for the detection of various organic compounds in solutions and gas phase. One of the possible sensor types for organic compounds in solutions detection is optochemotronic sensor - device of liquid-phase optoelectronics that utilize effect of electrogenerated chemiluminescence. In order to enhance selectivity and broaden the range of detected substances the modification of working electrode of optochemotronic cell with organic films is used. Composition and deposition technique of modifying films considerably influence on electrochemical and physical processes in the sensor. 

Fang YM, Sun JJ, Wu AH, Su XL, Chen GN (2009) Catalytic electrogenerated chemiluminescence and nitrate reduction at CdS nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode. Langmuir 25 555-560... 

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SEC) was first reported in 1962, and applications of the technique rapidly increased following the introduction of commercially available instrumentation in the early 1980s due to the ability to determine thermally labile compounds using detection systems more commonly employed with GC. However, few applications of SEC have been published with regard to the determination of triazines. Recently, a chemiluminescence nitrogen detector was used with packed-column SEC and a methanol-modified CO2 mobile phase for the determination of atrazine, simazine, and propazine. Pressure and mobile phase gradients were used to demonstrate the efficacy of fhe fechnique. 

Equation (13) appears to be a good approximation for describing isothermal chemiluminescence kinetics for homogeneous systems where oxidation takes place uniformly. However, as has been shown by several authors [53-58], the different sections of a polymer sample may oxidize with its autonomous kinetics determined by different rates of primary initiation. A chemiluminescence imaging technique revealed that the light emission may be spread from some sites of the polymer film and the isothermal chemiluminescence vs. time runs are then modified, particularly in the stage of an advanced oxidation reaction [59]. 

The effect of oxygen concentration is thus included in a constant m, which modifies both the resulting maximum of the chemiluminescence intensity and the apparent rate constant k of hydroperoxide decomposition. 

Tsafack V.C., Marquette C.A., Pizzolato F., Blum L.J., Chemiluminescent choline biosensor using histidine-modified peroxidase immobilized on metal-chelate substituted beads and choline oxidase immobilized on anion-exchanger beads co-entrapped in a photocrosslinkable polymer, Biosens. Bioelectron, 2000 15 125-133. 

Instruments based on differential ultraviolet absorption still need to be evaluated, and possibly modified, before their acceptance for monitoring ozone in polluted atmospheres on a nationwide scale. The California Air Resources Board and other air pollution control agencies are evaluating ultraviolet absorption with both chemiluminescence and potassium iodide instruments. 

Nafion modified electrodes (Section 57.3.2.1) have been shown to promote electrogenerated chemiluminescence from the [Ru(bipy)3]2+/oxalate system.44 The problem of the quenching of the eel by water was overcome in the Nafion case since sections of the electrode coating were hydro-phobic. However, aqueous systems continue to be of interest in the development of practical eel devices such as digital display units (see also Section 57.3.2.5(iv)). It has been shown that eel is... 

Fig. 18.4. Mechanism for the photochemical reaction of a benzophenone-coated ITO-modified optical fiber with a C-H bond of an amino acid side chain of the hepatitis C virus. The virus can act as an antigen for the detection of the anti-HCV antibody. After the immunoreaction, the subsequent binding of a marker, a secondary peroxidase-labeled antibody, allowed to catalyze a chemiluminescence reaction for the receipt of an optical signal.

Fig. 1 Chemical interaction mechanisms, basic components of the optical sensor instrumentation and their operation. Mechanisms direct measurement of chemical compounds that exhibit spectroscopic properties (1 A) and measurement of light originating from a chemical or a biological reaction in chemiluminescent or bioluminescent phenomena (IB) 2 optodes based on the interaction of indicators and labels with light, which are immobilized in a support and sensors that modify the intrinsic physical or chemical properties of a waveguide (refractive index, phase, etc.) as a result of the presence of the analyte (3A), a recognition element (35), an intermediate analyte (3C) or an indicator (3D)...

Eig. 5. Several endpoint detection methods were compared for the detection of immuno-polymerase chain reaction (IPCR) amplificate from a direct IPCR (Fig. 3A) of mouse-IgG. Although all IPCR/DNA-detection combinations were able to improve the detection limit of a comparable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) of approximately 10 amol IgG in a 30-fL sample volume, several differences were observed in actual detection limit, and the linearity of the concentration/signal ratio dependent on the DNA quantification was applied. Best results were obtained for PCR-ELISA (see also Fig. 6) in combination with fluorescence- or chemiluminescence-generating substrates (b, c). With photometric substrates (d) or gel electrophoresis and subsequent spot densitometry (a), a 10-fold decrease in sensitivity was observed. In addition to the more sigmoid curve in gel electrophoresis, an enhanced overall error of 20% compared to 13% in PCR-ELISA was observed for two independent assays. The simple addition of a double-strand sensitive intercalation marker to the PCR-amplificate and measurement in a fluorescence spectrometer further decreased sensitivity (e) and appears therefore to be unsuited for IPCR amplificate quantification. (Figure modified according to references 37 and 65.)... 

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