Chemically resistant glass

Shipment and Storage. Sulfur dichloride, if kept dry, is noncorrosive at ambient temperatures, thus carbon steel and Hon can be used Hi the constmction of tanks, piping, and dmms. However, when water or humidity is present, materials resistant to hydrochloric acid must be used, eg, glass-lined pipe. Teflon, titanium, HasteUoy C, or possibly a chemically resistant, glass-reiaforced polyester. Threaded pipe joHits should be assembled with Teflon tape. Hoses should be constmcted with a Teflon inner lining with the outer tube constmcted of Neoprene or braided 316 stainless steel protected by an adequate thickness of Teflon. Sulfur dichloride should be stored away from heat and away from dHect rays of the sum. Toluene and sulfur dichloride react exothermically when catalyzed by Hon or ferric chloride. Safety precautions should be foUowed when such a mixture is present (165). 

Thin, nonwoven fabric composed of randomly oriented and adhered glass fibers of a chemically resistant glass mixture. 

U.S. Pharmacopoeia XVIII, Light transmission Chemical resistance-glass... 

Byrex Chemical Resistance Glass has a Young s modulus of 6-1 x 10 dynes/cm , a modulus of rigidity of 2-5 x 10 dynes/cm and a Poisson s ratio of 0-22. Similar values are found for other glasses. 

To calibrate the cobalt source, three systems are most often used ferrous sulfate, ferrous sulfate-cupric sulfate, and ceric sulfate. Dosimeters of these solutions are prepared by filling 5-ml. chemical-resistant glass ampoules with approximately 5 ml. of solution and flame-sealing the ampoules. The ampoules are then arranged in phantoms of Masonite or similar materials (Figure 13) to simulate the food items. These phantoms are placed in containers similar to those used for food products, and arranged in the conveyor carrier in which they are transported into the irradiation cell. Because of the upper dose limit of the ferrous sulfate and ferrous sulfate-cupric sulfate dosimeters (40,000 and 800,000 rads, respectively), these systems can be used only to establish the dose rate in the facility and not to monitor the total dose during food irradiation. The ceric dosimeter which... 

Soft segments One of the two phases which make up polyurethane. The soft segment is composed of long-chain polyether or polyester polyols. The soft segment controls many of the polyurethane properties such as tensile and tear strength, hydrolysis and chemical resistance, glass transition temperature, and flexibility. 

On account of its chemical resistance, glass is generally excellent for water, saline solutions, acids, organic substances and even alkalis, so that in all these cases it is superior to most metals and plastics. Hydrofluoric acid, strong alkaline solutions and concentrated phosphoric add are the only chemicals that have a noticeably adverse effect on glass, particularly at high temperatures. 

Repeat the sequence of standardization with both buffers until pH readings are within 0.02 pH units for both buffers without adjustments to either the slope or standardization controls. The pH of the unknown may then be measured, using either a pH electrode in combination with a reference electrode or a single combination electrode. Select electrodes made of chemically resistant glass when measuring samples of either low or high pH. 

Containers light transmission chemical resistance—glass containers biological... 

Vapor compression stills of various sizes are commercially available and can be used to produce water of high purity when properly constructed. A high-quality distillate, such as water for injection, can be obtained if the water is first deionized. The best stills are constructed of types 304 or 316 stainless steel and coated with pure tin, or are made from chemical-resistant glass. 

Zircon is used in the manufacture of refractories, as opacifier in glazes and enamels, as nucleant in glass-ceramics and also as a raw material for electrotechnical ceramics, chemically resistant glasses and enamels, etc. 

The use of glass is not restricted to the cases mentioned above. Among other applications, mention can be made of those in nuclear technology (protection from radiation, immobilization of radioactive waste by fusion into a chemically resistant glass, etc.), in agriculture (as carrier for fertilizers with long-term effects) and a number of possible applications in electronics (cf., for example, the survey paper by McMillan, 1976). A separate chapter is devoted to the so-called glass-ceramics. 

Glass fiber filters have been used for handling dissolver exit gases. This application has involved the use of chemically resistant glass in various diameters from 25 u to 1 n placed in layers of varying density and thickness. Studies by Blasewitz and Judson (B3) give performance and life characteristics for pilot studies. 

Tube preparation. Tubes (multi-tube gauntlets) are produced from chemically resistant glass or organic fibres (polyester, polypropylene, acrylonitrile co-polymers, etc.) by weaving, braiding or felting methods. The tubes are fixed into the required shape in an appropriate polymer solution and thermally treated. 

C-glass stands for chemically resistant glass and resists a wider range of chemicals than does E-glass and in particular mineral acids. 

Chemical resistance Glass fibre has excellent resistance to lots of chemicals. It is impervious to baeterial, fungal or insect attack. 

C-glass High chemical resistance glass used for applications requiring corrosion... 

A wide range of materials are utilized to fabricate microfluidic units [5]. On account of their rigidity as well as mechanical and chemical resistance, glass and silicon are versatile... 

Fig. 3.4-8a-c Attack by (a) water, (b) acid, and (c) alkaline solution on chemically resistant glass as a function of time... 

Kassel Kiln. An old type of intermittent, rectangular, fuel-fired kiln which diminished in cross-section towards the end leading to the chimney it originated in the Kassel district of Germany. Kavalier Glass. An early type of chemically resistant glass characterized by its high potash content it was first made... 

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