Chemical protective overgarment

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Patient Decontamination Procedures. These procedures are written for chemical warfare, but are useful for all NBC. Medical personnel performing the decontamination should wear mask, gloves, and protective overgarments. 

Placing a soldier into full chemical protective equipment—mask, overgarment, gloves, and boots—is a decision that appropriately considers not only the protection aspect but also the added heat stress and potential for dehydration. The heat stress problem must be recognized from the start. 

MOPP 2 Soldiers put on their chemical protective footwear covers, green vinyl overboots, or a field-expedient item (eg, vapor-barrier boots), and the protective helmet cover is worn. As with MOPP 1, the overgarment jacket may be left unbuttoned but the trousers remain closed. 

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Some military medical personnel view the specter of chemical warfare with fear and repugnance. The images of clouds of poisonous chemicals contaminated terrain and equipment and the need to work in protective masks and hot, cumbersome overgarments are intimidating even to well-trained soldiers. But for medical personnel there is an added factor the fear of the unknown. The milieu of the chemical battlefield is especially alien since little in the normal professional practice of most military medical personnel has any resemblance to the management of casualties of chemical warfare. 

Finally, the medical logistical requirements will be increased. It has been stated that up to 40% more transport is required to move a typical field hospital in a chemical environment, and the fuel necessary to power air pumps, special filtration units, and air conditioners is an added requirement.35 Water requirements may also be increased in a chemical environment. Medical treatment facility planners should recognize the importance of environmental factors within a chemical warfare theater. For example, the MOPP gear may not be designed for the climatic conditions on the battlefield. Tests have shown that perspiration compromises the ability of the battledress overgarment to protect the wearer from chemical agents36 and may actually predispose an individual to injury.32... 

As noted earlier, total individual protection requires an integrated approach with the primary mechanism being respiratory protection which, when combined with an overgarment, gloves, and boots all properly fitted and used correctly, can provide excellent protection against chemical agents of all known types. 

An overgarment can be made to protect skin from chemical agents by either physical or chemical means ... 

MOPP Zero Soldiers carry their protective masks with their load-carrying equipment. The standard battledress overgarment and other individual protective equipment that make up the soldier s MOPP gear are readily available. Readily available means that equipment must either be carried by each soldier or be stored within the soldier s arms reach (eg, within the work area, vehicle, or fighting position). Units at MOPP Zero are highly vulnerable to attacks with persistent agents and will automatically upgrade to MOPP 1 when they determine, or are notified, that persistent chemical weapons have been used or that the threat for use of chemical weapons has risen. 

Personal protective equipment, consisting of a properly fitted mask and overgarment with gloves and boots as required. This equipment is the most critical component of chemical defense equipment, the first line of defense. 

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