Chemical processes life cycle phases

These strategies can be applied at any phase of the process life cycle. Examples of each strategy are given, drawn from all phases in the life cycle. In the next chapter, we will shift our focus and discuss opportunities for application of the strategies described at specific stages in the overall life cycle of a chemical process. 

Process life cycle All phases of a process from its conception through chemical and process research and development (R D). engineering design, construction, commissioning, commercial operation, major modification, and decommissioning. 

Figure 7.1 Schematic of life cycle phases of a typical chemical process.

Hence it is essential that modern-day chemical process facilities affectively engage the public, and also even more importantly the local communities, in a continuous dialogue throughout all life cycle phases of a process plant (i.e. from concept studies to operation, modifications and eventually until decommissioning). The safety policies and associated decisions must reflect, at least to a reasonable extent, that the public has been heard and their views are respected. 

Reactive chemical process safety Systematic identification, evaluation, and control of reactive hazards at all phases of the production life cycle-from R D to pilot plant, change management, and decommissioning and for all types of operations-from storage or manufacturing to packaging or waste processing. 

The models in the R D stage can first be simple, and then become more detailed as work proceeds. At this stage, attention has to be focused on the phenomena of phase equilibrium, on the physical properties of the materials, on chemical kinetics as well as on the kinetics of mass and heat transfer. As previously shown (see Figs 1.2 and 1.3), the decomposition ofthe process into different elementary units is one of the first activities. This action requires careful attention especially because, at this life-cycle stage, the process could be nothing but an idea. The work starts with the physical properties, as they act as an input to all other components. The guidelines to choose physical properties, phase equilibrium data, characteristic state equations etc. can be found in the usual literature. For each studied... 

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