Chemical process industry erosion-corrosion

Bardal, E. Corrosion and Protection, Springer, 2003,135-136. Hutchings, I. M. The Erosion of Materials by Liquid Flow, Columbus, Materials Technological Institute of the Chemical Processing Industry, 1986,25. 

The outstanding property of rubber in general is resilience, or low modulus of elasticity. The flexibility and physical properties of rubber account for its application in general engineering and automobile industries whereas its chemical, wear and abrasion resistance as a sacrificial material, plus its insulating properties are utilised in many corrosion and erosion applications in process industries. Rubber lined mild steel, pipes and tankages have been standard materials of construction for hydrochloric acid service for many years. 

STEAM. H2O. In laboratory tests under static conditions, alloy 3003 was found to be resistant to pure steam over distilled water at temperatures up to 268 C (514°F). In fact, aluminum alloys exposed to steam at these temperatures had improved resistance to corrosion by other environments because of the increased thickness of the oxide film on the surface. In the same tests, steam at 268°C (514°F) was corrosive. High pressure steam can erode aluminum alloys by impingement corrosion erosion, particularly when the jet of steam is perpendicular to the surface. Aluminum alloy equipment including heat exchangers. dryers, steam jacketed kettles, piping have been used to handle steam in the petroleum, chemical and food processing industries. See also Ref (1) p. 144, (2) p. 778, (4) p. 49, (7) p. 175. 

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