Chemical Problems synthetic chemist

The strategies explored and defined in the various examples presented open a way for wider application of microwave chemistry in industry. The most important problem for chemists today (in particular, drug discovery chemists) is to scale-up microwave chemistry reactions for a large variety of synthetic reactions with minimal optimization of the procedures for scale-up. At the moment, there is a growing demand from industry to scale-up microwave-assisted chemical reactions, which is pushing the major suppliers of microwave reactors to develop new systems. In the next few years, these new systems will evolve to enable reproducible and routine kilogram-scale microwave-assisted synthesis. 

Since the publication of the original observation in 1977 there has been an explosive growth of research into the whole range of conjugated polymer structures which has led to the development of a new family of polymers which, with appropriate chemical modification, can display conductivities from poor semiconductor to comparable with copper. These polymers have obviously been the result of major contributions from synthetic chemists and have been of great interest to solid-state physicists. Somewhat surprisingly there has been less interest on the part of polymer scientists. This has led to problems in many areas, partly because of failure to recognise the... 

Serious drawbacks of the natural occurring compounds however do not allow their general use in therapy. The rapid metabolic deactivation21-25 and the too wide range of activity are the main problems which have to be overcome. The development of other clinical applications awaits further progress in prostanoid research and this meant a challenge to the synthetic chemists to develop chemical total syntheses which could effectively compete with biosynthesis and which could be easily modified in order to prepare analogs with improved selectivity and stability to metabolic deactivation. 

The synthetic application of free-radical reactions has increased dramatically over the past twenty years. Nowadays, radical reactions can often be found driving the key steps of multistep chemical syntheses oriented towards the construction of complex natural products or other synthetic targets. The majority of radical reactions of interest to synthetic chemists are chain processes. Tributyltin hydride is by far the most commonly used reagent for the rednction of fnnctional groups and formation of C—C bonds either inter- or intramolecnlarly (cyclization) " , although, as already alluded to, there are several problems associated with organotin compounds. The main drawback consists of the incomplete removal of allegedly toxic tin by-products from the final material ... 

The book is designed for a broad spectrum of users practitioners of computational chemistry who are interested in gaining a broad survey or an entree into a new area of organic chemistry, synthetic and physical organic chemists who might be interested in running some computations of their own and would like to learn of success stories to emulate and pitfalls to avoid, and graduate smdents interested in just what can be accomplished by computational approaches to real chemical problems. 

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