Chemical-induced immunotoxicity

Luster, M.I., Blank, I. A. and Dean, J.H., Molecular and cellular basis of chemically induced immunotoxicity, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 27, 23, 1987. 

Luster, M.I. et al., Development of a testing battery to assess chemical-induced immunotoxicity National Toxicology Program s guidelines for immunotoxicity evaluation in mice, Fund. Appl. Toxicol., 10, 2, 1988. 

Krzystyniak, K., Tryphonas, H. and Fournier, M., Approaches to the evaluation of chemical-induced immunotoxicity, Environ. Health Perspect., 103 Suppl. 9, 17, 1995. 

Luster, M.L., Munson, A.E., Thomas, P.T., Holsapple, M.P., Fenters, J.D., White, K.L., Jr., Lauer, L.D., Germolec, D.R., Rosenthal, G.J. and Dean, J.H. (1988). Development of a testing battery to assess chemical-induced immunotoxicity National Toxicology Program s Guidelines for Immunotoxicity Evaluation in Mice. Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 10 2-19. 

Luster, M. I., A. E. Munson, P. T. Thomas, M. P. Holsapple, J. D. Fenters, K. L. White, L. E. Lauer, D. R. Germolec, G. J. Rosenthal, and J. H. Dean. Development of a testing battery to assess chemical-induced immunotoxicity National Toxicology Program s guidelines for immunotoxicity evaluation in mice. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 10 2-19, 1988. 

Spinardi-Barbisan ALT, Kaneno R, Barbisan L F, et al. (2004). Chemically induced immunotoxicity in a medium-term multiorgan bioassay for carcinogenesis with Wistar rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 194 132-140. 

Many immune end points, such as semm cytokine and Ig concentrations, are often used as indicators to predict early biologic effects of chemical-induced immunotoxicity. However, such immime measmements can lack sensitivity, are poorly standardized, or are poorly hnked quantitatively to a disease process, so their relevance in assessing immimotoxic effects in humans is poorly established. In addition, translation of such early effects to a pathologic response or a disease phenotype on the basis of the toxicologic paradigm exposure internal dose -> biologically effective dose early biologic effects -> altered structure... 

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