Charging, of polymers

Vasilenok YN (1981) Prevention of statistical charging of polymers, Leningrad, Chemistry (in Russian)... 

Tabata Y, Dtada Y. Effect of the size and surface-charge of polymer microsphetes on their phagoc)Tosis by macrophage. Biomaterials 1988 9 356-362. 

Williams, M. W. (1976). The Dependence of Triboelectric Charging of Polymers on Their Chemical Composition. J. Macromolecular Sci. Rev. Macromol. Chem., C14, 251. 

The formation of charge domains showed that the fundamental electron transfer process involves a high number of surface sites. The tribo-electric charging of polymers has to be considered as a collective phenomenon. 

Fig. 2 Model concept of the contact charging of polymer grains, a Contact between an electron pair donator domain (empty dots) of the particle 1 and an electron pair acceptor domain (grey dots) of the particle 2. Charge transfers (e-) are taking place. After separation the two particles (b), a positively charged ( ) and a negative charged ( ) domain, remain on the particles surface...

The tribo-electric charging of polymers is a collective phenomenon of numerous electron transfer processes in the contact zone of two colliding particles. The SPM technique allows to visualize the charge distribution on polymer surfaces. It was shown that oppositely charge domains can stably exist side by side although considerable filed strengths are present. 

Contact charging of polymers 7.3.1 Charge transfer by electrons... 

Thus surface-state theory provides a satisfactory basis for discussing contact charging of polymers by electron transfer. The model is, however, probably oversimplified, and it would be unwise to exclude the possibility of penetration of charge into the bulk polymer altogether in view of conduction effects that can usually be observed at high fields in polymers. We must also remember that the results we have been talking about refer to very clean polymer surfaces and that the contact charging in most practical cases can be very different due to the presence of dirt and moisture on the surface. 

For the oxidative charging of polymer 27 one calculates a theoretical capacity (x... 

The problem associated with static charge of polymers is a good example for why the polymer surface should be treated as a polymer/air interface. The humidity of air changes the surface state of a polymer due to the adsorption of water molecules on the surface state of the polymer. The reduction of static charge by an increase in the humidity is not due to the dissipation of charge to the gas phase, i.e., humid air, but due to the change of surface state in equilibration with humid air. 

The surface charging of polymers depends on the nature and concentration of additives used in the production process. Thus, the same monomeric material can produce polymers with very different surface properties. The PZCs/IEPs of polymers are presented in Tables 3.2091-3.2103. 

Dechema Monography, Vol. 72, Elektrostatische Aufladung, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1974. M. W. Williams, The dependence of triboelectric charging of polymers on their chemical compositions,/. Macromol. Sci.—Rev. Macromol. Chem. C14, 251 (1976). 

J.A. Giacometti, O.N. Oliveira, Corona charging of polymer. IEEE Trans. Electr. Insul. 27, 924-943 (1992)... 

M. Mora, and J.Pato, Effect of negative electric charge of polymers on the chymotrypsin catalyzed hydrolysis of the side chains, J. Control. Release, 18,153-158,1992. 

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