Attraction, charged particles

How can electrons and protons reside in different parts of the same atom, since oppositely charged particles attract each other ... 

What types of attractive forces exist between particles In Chapter 3, you learned that oppositely charged particles attract each other due to electrostatic attraction. Ionic bonding is one example of electrostatic attraction. 

Oppositely charged particles attract each other. 

We saw in the previous examples that the ions are held together by electrostatic attractions. What you have to remember is that positively charged particles attract any negatively charged particles—they are not... 

The electrostatic spraying of polymer powders utilizes the principle that oppositely charged particles attract, a principle that has been used for many years in spraying solvent-based paints. In electrostatic spraying, polymer powder is first fluidized in a bed to separate and suspend the particles. It is then transferred through a hose by air to a specially designed spray gun. As the powder passes through the gun. 

Relative stabilities of many complexes can be understood in terms of a simple electrostatic model. The predictions of this model are related primarily to the heat evolved in the formation of the complexes. We are familiar with the observation that oppositely charged particles attract one another, whereas like charged particles repel one another. Moreover, the repulsion or attraction depends upon the distance between the centers of the particles, being greater as the particles approach one another. 

Fig. 1.4 Polarization effect at the electrode-tissue interface. Within the electrode, current flow is due to movement of electrons (e ). At the electrode-tissue interface, the current flow becomes ionic. The negatively charged ions (Cl", OH") flow into the tissues toward the anode leaving behind oppositely charged particles attracted by the emerging electrons. It is this capacitance effect at the electrode-tissue interface, that is the basis of polarization.

Particle interactions are not just due to particle collisions and interparticle contacts. Particles may interact with each other while they are apart from each other, for example, in the case of charged particles, attractive or repulsive forces may influence the particles motion. The following section is a brief review of common noncontact forces that may be present in particnlate systems. 

Electrostatic forces can form as a result of triboelectric charging or formation of a potential difference between particles. In the latter case, charged particles attract adjacent uncharged particles due to their own image charge. The attraction force can be evaluated by the classical Coulomb equation [6] ... 

In Section 2.8 the expression "minimization of energy" was introduced to identify a natural tendency for chemical and physical change to occur spontaneously if the result of that change is a lower total energy within the system. That s why objects fall in a gravitational field and why oppositely charged particles attract each other and similarly charged particles repel each other in an electrical field. 

The Rutherford model of the atom was an improvement over previous models, but it was inoomplete, It did not explain how the atom s negatively oharged electrons are distributed in the space surrounding its positively charged nucleus. After all, it was well known that oppositely charged particles attract each other. So what prevented the negative electrons from being drawn into the positive nucleus ... 

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