Chardonnet

Lehnerseide, /. nitrate (or Chardonnet) rayon. Lehr-anstalt, /. educational institution, -buch, n. textbook. 

Crassous, J., Chardonnet, C., Saue, T. and Sdiwerdtfeger, P. (2005) Recent e q)erimental and theoretical developments towards the observation of parity violation (PV) effects in molecules by spectroscopy. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 3, 2218—2224. 

Chardonnet A process for making artificial silk by nitrating cellulose and injecting the nitrate solution into water, thereupon regenerating the cellulose ... 

In the original process the cellulose nitrate itself was used as the fiber (hence its satirical description as mother-in-law silk ). The regenerating agent is ammonium hydrosulfide. The basic process was first demonstrated by J. W. Swan in London in 1885 but commercialized by Count L. M. H. B. de Chardonnet ( Father of the rayon industry ) in France in 1891 and operated there until 1934. The last working factory, that in Brazil, was burnt down in 1949. The other processes for making rayon fibers by regenerating cellulose ( viscose, cupram-monium) gave superior products. See also Rayon. 

Charcoal production, from wood, 26 360 Chardonnet, Hilaire de, 11 248 Chardonnet process, history of,... 

J.W. Swan produced threads of cellulose nitrate in 1883 by forcing its solution through a spinning jet. This was called Swan Silk. Carbon filaments for early electric light bulbs were made from Swan Silk. Chardonnet manufactured artificial silk commercially in 1884 from cellulose nitrate. 

Absorption of solvent with sulphuric acid. This is another of the oldest methods for the recovery of solvent. It was first used for the recovery of alcohol and ether in the manufacture of artificial silk by the old Chardonnet process and was then widely applied in the manufacture of powder in Germany and Austria before and during World War I. The air containing alcohol and ether entered the tanks filled with sulphuric acid. The tanks were cooled from outside by spraying with water. 

This method of denitrating cellulose nitrate was widely used industrially to regenerate cellulose from the first (nitrocellulose) artificial fibre (Chardonnet [49]). 

CHARDONNET, H. (1839-1924). A native of France, he has been called the lather of rayon because of his successful research in producing what was then called artificial silk from nitrocellulose. He was able in extrude fine threads of this semi-synthetic material through a spinnetetle-like nozzle, and Ihe textile product was made on a commercial scale in several European countries. He was awarded Ihe Perkin medal for his work... 

Rayon was first made by denitration of cellulose fibers (Chardonnet process). The cellulose was first reacted with a mixt of nitric and sulfuric acids to form NC, The prod was then dissolved in a mixt of eth and ethanol and spun into yarn by a "dry spinning process. In some instances the yarn was denitrated by alkaline hydrosulfites, neutralized and then w washed and dried (Ref 9). See also under "Cellulose Nitration, Denitration in Vol 2, C118-R to C119-R... 

Synthetic fibres may be made from cellulose or plastics. Hilaire Chardonnet made the first synthetic fibre from cellulose in 1889. Wallace Carothers made the first plastic-based synthetic fibre nylon in 1935. Ladies stockings were the first articles to be made of nylon. Second World War gave a boost to the production of nylon. 

Rayon is made from cellulose. Count Chardonnet made the synthetic fibre from mulberry leaves. Chardonnet was studying the diseases of the silkworms. He was inspired by the silkworm spinning silk to find a way to make artificial silk. He made artificial silk from the cellulose he obtained from mulberry leaves by a complex process. 

The great inventions of the first man-made fibres by chemical manipulation of natural materials has a great impact on the interest in their chemical nature (1883 De Chardonnet nitrocellulose... 

Cuprammonium A process for making regenerated cellulose fibers. Cellulose, from cotton or wood, is dissolved in ammoniacal copper sulfate solution (Schweizer s reagent, also called cuprammonium sulfate). Injection of this solution into a bath of dilute sulfuric acid regenerates the cellulose as a fiber. The process was invented in 1891 by M. Fremery and J. Urban at the Glanzstoff-Fabriken, Germany, developed there, and subsequently widely adopted worldwide. See also Bemberg, Chardonnet, Viscose. 

The next inventor to make a mark was Louis Marie Hilaire Bernigaud, the Comte de Chardonnet. He was searching for a way to make a synthetic silk (as we describe in the Polymer Milestone below). Hopefully,... 

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