Charcoal charge

Charcoal charged tube Benzene, Toluene, m-Xylene, o-Xylene... 

B. 2,2,7,7,12,12,17,17-Octemfi<%Z-21,22,23,24-t tfstainless-steel shaking autoclave is charged with 4.0 g. (0.0092 mole) of the tetraoxaquaterene from Part A, 200 ml. of ethanol, and 400 mg. of 5% palladium on charcoal catalyst (Note 6). The autoclave is filled with hydrogen at an initial pressure of 170 atm. and heated with shaking for 4 hours at 105 . Catalyst and a white solid are removed by filtration (Note 7), the solid is dissolved in 100 ml. of warm chloroform, the solution is filtered, the chloroform is evaporated, and the white solid which is obtained is dried under reduced pressure at 60° (Note 8). The tetraoxaperhydroquaterene is obtained as a white solid, m.p. 204-209 (Note 9), in a yield of 2.85-2.97 g. (69-72%). 

A 250-ml flask is charged with 28 g (0.20 mole) of 2-acetyIcyclohexanone and 25 g (0.22 mole) of 30% hydrogen peroxide in 100 ml of /-butyl alcohol. The solution is refluxed for 3 hours, cooled, and a pinch of palladium on charcoal (10%) is cautiously added. The mixture is refluxed for an additional hour to decompose excess peroxide. The cooled mixture is then filtered through celite, and the volume is reduced by removal of /-butyl alcohol and water at reduced pressure. Distillation of the residue affords about 85% of cyclopentanecarboxylic acid, bp 59-6271 rnm, 123727 mm, 215-21671 atm. 

Modern charcoal retorts are charged with wood, biowaste (bark, sawdust, etc.), peat, and sometimes low-rank coals. Yield and properties (hardness, density, surface area, etc.) can vary widely so the desired end use must be considered. Charcoal from coniferous trees is soft and porous, while that from hardwoods is dense and strong. For barbecuing, charcoal is usually compressed into briquettes, with binders and additives chosen to improve handling and ease of ignition. 

Some manufacturers use the principle of the adsorption of a gas by a porous material such as silica gel or charcoal. Since the adsorbent is a solid and cannot migrate from the phial, these valves cannot suffer reversal of charge. 

Charcoal by products, 592-593 Charge balance, 79 Charles, Jacques, 106 Charles s law, 106... 

Monachit. A Ger blasting expl also known as Vigorit. Monachit I cont AN 81, trinitroxylene (TNX) 13, K nitrate 5, and flour 1%. Monachit II cont AN 64, TNX 12, K nitrate plus Na nitrate 3, K chloride 19, charcoal 1, collodion cotton 1%. Monachit II has a limit charge of more than 500g. Its vel of deton at d 1.20 g/cc is about 4800m/sec, while at d 1.56g/cc it falls to I780m/sec... 

Since carbon is a supplier of electrons, it acquires a positive charge in the process. In order to maintain electrical neutrality, carbon attracts the hydroxyl (OH-) ions. When the aqueous solution contains metal anions that have a greater affinity towards carbon, the hydroxyl ions are exchanged. In support of this theory, mention may be made of the observation that no adsorption takes place in the absence of oxygen and that hydrogen peroxide is liberated when oxygen is bubbled through an aqueous slurry of charcoal. 

An even simpler protocol for performing nucleophilic substitutions (aminations) and Suzuki reactions in one pot was reported by the Organ group for the generation of a 42-member library of styrene-based nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists (Scheme 6.21) [49]. After considerable experimentation, the authors found that simultaneous nucleophilic displacement and Suzuki coupling could be carried out very effectively by charging the microwave process vessel with the palladium catalyst (0.5 mol% palladium-on-charcoal), the boronic acid [R1B(OH)2], the... 

Other markets for char include iron, steel, and sili-con/ferro-silicon industries. Char can be used as a reducing agent in direct reduction of iron. Ferro-silicon and metallurgical-grade silicon metal are produced carbothermally in electric furnaces. Silica is mixed with coke, either iron ore or scrap steel (in the case of ferro-silicon), and sawdust or charcoal in order to form a charge. The charge is then processed by the furnace to create the desired product. Char can be substituted for the coke as a source of reducing carbon for this process. Some plants in Norway are known to have used coal-char in the production of silicon-based metal products as late as mid-1990.5 The use of char in this industry is not practiced due to lack of char supply. 

For this purpose, standard 5-mm NMR tubes were charged with 100 pL ethynylbenzene, 6 mg of the catalyst Pdx[N(octyl)4Cl]y, and 0.7 mL acetone-dg and placed into a 200-MHz spectrometer. Charges of 51%-enriched p-H2 were prepared as previously outlined via catalytic equilibration over charcoal at 77 K and injected repeatedly in synchronization with the pulsed NMR-experiment via an electromechanically lowered glass capillary mechanism. 

C. 2,3-Diamino-5-bronto pyridine (Note 8). A 100-ml. flask fitted with a reflux condenser is charged with 10.9 g. (0.05 mole) of 2-amino-5-bromo-3-nitropyridine, 30 g. of reduced iron, 40 ml. of 95% ethanol, 10 ml. of water, and 0.5 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid (Notes 9 and 10). The mixture is heated on a steam bath (Note 11) for 1 hour, and at the end of this period the iron is removed by filtration and is washed three times with 10-ml. portions of hot 95% ethanol. The filtrate and washings are evaporated to dryness, and the dark residue is recrystallized from 50 ml. of water, 1 g. of activated carbon being used and the mixture being filtered while hot. The charcoal is washed with hot ethanol to avoid losses. 2,3-Diamino-5-bromopyridine crystallizes as colorless needles, m.p. 163°. The yield is 6.5-7.1 g. (69-76%). 

B. 1,3-Dimethyl-6H-benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]pyran-6-one (4). Under an argon atmosphere, a 250-mL, oven-dried, round-bottomed flask, equipped with a reflux condenser, is charged with freshly distilled N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA, 130 mL), 3,5-dimethylphenyl 1-bromo-2-naphthoate (3, 3.24 g, 9.12 mmol), palladium(ll) acetate (205 mg, 0.913 mmol), triphenylphosphine (481 mg, 1.83 mmol), and sodium acetate (1.50 g, 18.3 mmol) (Notes 4 and 5). The orange suspension is degassed three times, placed in a preheated (130°C) oil bath (Note 5), and stirred at 130°C for 12 hr (Note 6). Removal of the solvent at 40°C (0.1 mbar, 0.075 mm) gives a black oily residue, which is Chromatographed (5 x 40 cm column, silica gel 0.063 - 0.2 mm, 170 g, 1 cm of charcoal at the top of the column eluent hexane / diethyl ether 5 1), to yield 2.00 g (80%) of the lactone 4 as a slightly yellow solid. Recrystallization from diethyl ether / hexane delivers 1.63 g (65%) of colorless or pale yellow crystals (Note 7). 

It has been noted that for substances which do not yield ions in solution, such as charcoal, the charge is always produced by the preferential adsorption of an ion from the solution, e.g. the hydrogen ion. For substances which yield ions in solution, e.g. the hydroxides, it is evident that the charge can be accounted for by superficial ionisation (see Zsigmondy, Kolloidchemie Wolfgang-Pauli, Trans. Farad. Soc. xvi. 6,1921), e.g. ... 

Accdg to Nambo (Ref 66, p 38), the Chinese BkPdr for bursting charges, described by Tien Hung of Ming Dynasty contd saltpeter 82, sulfur 9 charcoal 9%... 

Type 4 Mk 7, K7. A dark-gray expl compn consisting of Na Chlorate 84, woodpulp 5, charcoal 8 coal tar 3%. Its appt a was 1.2 Brisance 82% PA Expln Temp 385° Impact Sensy 25cm Power 63% PA and Rate of Deton, not given. Used in Sea Mines Depth Charges (Ref 5, p 376)... 

Flash Charge of Electric Squib. Its compn is DADNPh (JAN-D-552) 20 2%, KC10g (MIL-P. 150C Grade I, Class C) 60 5%, powdered wood charcoal (JAN-C-178A) 15 2%, Nitro-starch (N 12.75% min) 5i0.5%. Another oompn... 

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