Autoclave, shaking

Upon removing the warm jars from the pressure cooker or autoclave, shake them to loosen the and to evenly distribute wet and dry kernels. Shaking also prevents the kernels at the bottom the jar from clumping. 

B. 2,2,7,7,12,12,17,17-Octemfi<%Z-21,22,23,24-t tfstainless-steel shaking autoclave is charged with 4.0 g. (0.0092 mole) of the tetraoxaquaterene from Part A, 200 ml. of ethanol, and 400 mg. of 5% palladium on charcoal catalyst (Note 6). The autoclave is filled with hydrogen at an initial pressure of 170 atm. and heated with shaking for 4 hours at 105 . Catalyst and a white solid are removed by filtration (Note 7), the solid is dissolved in 100 ml. of warm chloroform, the solution is filtered, the chloroform is evaporated, and the white solid which is obtained is dried under reduced pressure at 60° (Note 8). The tetraoxaperhydroquaterene is obtained as a white solid, m.p. 204-209 (Note 9), in a yield of 2.85-2.97 g. (69-72%). 

A 150-ml. shaking Hastelloy-C autoclave, manufactured by the Haynes Stellite Division of Union Carbide Co., Kokomo, Indiana, was used by the checkers. The approximate composition of the alloy is Cr, 15.5-17.5% Mo, 16-18% Fc, 4.5-7% W, 3.7-4.7.5% and the remainder, Ni. Because their autoclave had only three-tenths the ca[ucity of that used by the sub-... 

M m-methoxy-toluene (or analog), 30 ml HCI, 30 ml benzene cool to 0° and with cooling and stirring saturate with HCI. Add 0.15 M formaldehyde and then more HCI for fifteen minutes. Stir at room temperature for two hours and dry, evaporate in vacuum the benzene layer to get about 30% 2-methyl-4-methoxy-benzyl-CI (or analog). 0.5 M (l), 0.8 M NaCn, 5 g Nal or K1 in 250 ml dry acetone stir and boil twenty hours. Filter, wash precipitate with 100 ml acetone and dissolve precipitate with 75 ml benzene. Wash with 100 ml water and dry, evaporate in vacuum to get about 80% yield 2-methyl-4-methoxy-benzyl-CN (II). 0.1 M (ID in 60 ml 10N NH3 in methanol 4 g Ni-Cr20 and shake in autoclave at 70-100 atmospheres H2 and 120° to get about 80% yield of the phenethylamine. 

Tryptone (5 g), yeast extract (2.5 g) and NaCl (5 g) were dissolved in distilled water, the volume was adjusted to 500 mL and then autoclaved (20 min, 120 °C). A small portion of this Luria-Bertani (LB) medium (10 mL) was placed into a sterile 100 mL shake flask and ampicillin and chloramphenicol solutions were added (LBamp+cm) to final concentrations of 100 p,g mL and 20 p.g mL respectively. The solution was inoculated with E. coli JM109 pGro7 pJOE4072.6 and shaken overnight at 37 °C and 200 rpm. This overnight culture (2 mL) was used to inoculate 200 mL LBamp+cm in a... 

Batch cultivation of P. mendocina KRl was carried out in 2 x 2 L centre column Erlenmeyer flasks. Each flask contained stock solution 1 (8 mL) and deionized water (390 mL). This solution was autoclaved and cooled before adding 400 /iL stock solution 2,400 uL stock solution 3 and 400 pL stock solution 4. Toluene (600 /iL) was added to the centre column. Overnight starter cultures were used to inoculate (2% v/v) the growth medium. Cultures were incubated at 30 °C shaking at 200 rpm. 

In a high-pressure autoclave, arranged for agitation by shaking or rocking, are placed 286 g. (336 ml., 4.08 moles) of croton-aldehyde, 294 g. (5.06 moles) of methyl vinyl ether, and 1.1 g. of hydroquinone (Notes 1 and 2). The autoclave is heated to 200° (Note 3) and held there for 12 hours. The autoclave is cooled and vented, and the black product is distilled through a 1 by 60 cm. helix-packed column. The yield of 3,4-dihydro-2-methoxy-... 

The completed emulsion is then filled into large-volume glass containers and sealed with oil-resistant composition stoppers. These containers are then autoclaved, in some cases using shaking or rotating autoclaves to minimize any thermal damage to the product as a whole. 

In an autoclave a mixture of 10.0 g of crude l,2-epoxy-3-[di-(2,6-xylyl)-methoxyjpropane and 100 ml of 25% ammonia in 300 ml of methanol is heated at 80°C for 5 h with shaking. The solvent is removed by evaporation and the residue (about 12.0 g) is dissolved in 10 ml of ethanol and the solution passed through a column filled with silica gel, which affords separation of the main fraction from the by-product. The solvent is removed by evaporation and the residue is crystallised from petroleum ether (boiling range 60-80°C). 5.7 g of the desired l-amino-3-[di-(2,6-xylyl)-methoxy]propan-2-ol are obtained in the form of colourless crystals, melting point 105-106°C. 

Methylene chloride, in the presence of tributylhexadecylphosphonium bromide196 and other catalysts197, reacts (100 °C, 10-20 hours in a shaking autoclave) with sodium iodide to yield chloroiodomethane and diiodomethane (equation 16) ... 

In three-phase systems, where the solid catalyst is in contact with a liquid reactant or its solution plus a gaseous reactant, efficient agitation is required to effect dissolution of the gaseous molecule into the liquid and its transport to the catalyst surface. Such systems easily become mass-transport limited, especially when a very active catalyst is used. In a batch reactor, rapid shaking or stirring is needed, and catalyst particles must be small it may operate at atmospheric pressure, or at superatmospheric pressure as an autoclave. Large catalyst particles can however be used with liquid reactants either in a trickle-column reactor or a spinning-basket reactor. 

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