Characterization of polymeric materials

E. A. Turi, Thermal Characterization of Polymeric Materials, Academic, New York, 1997, Chapter 5,... 

S. Tsuge and H. Othani, Structural characterization of polymeric materials by pyrolysis GC/MS, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 58, 109 130 (1997). 

Characteristic initiation behavior of rare earth metals was also found in the polymerization of polar and nonpolar monomers. In spite of the accelarated development of living isotactic [15] and syndiotactic [16] polymerizations of methyl methacrylate (MMA), the lowest polydispersity indices obtained remain in the region of Mw/Mn = 1.08 for an Mn of only 21 200. Thus, the synthesis of high molecular weight polymers (Mn > 100 x 103) with Mw/Mn < 1.05 is still an important target in both polar and nonpolar polymer chemistry. Undoubtedly, the availability of compositionally pure materials is a must for the accurate physical and chemical characterization of polymeric materials. 

The terms are arranged into sections dealing with basic definitions of stress and strain, deformations used experimentally, stresses observed experimentally, quantities relating stress and deformation, linear viscoelastic behaviour, and oscillatory deformations and stresses used experimentally for solids. The terms which have been selected are those met in the conventional mechanical characterization of polymeric materials. 

Solymar, L. and Walsh, D. 1998. Electrical Properties of Materials. Oxford University Press, New York. Turi, E. 1997. Thermal Characterization of Polymeric Materials, 2nd ed. Academic Press, Orlando, PL. Urban, M. 1996. Attenuated Total Reflectance Spectroscopy of Polymers. Oxford University Press, New York. 

Sircar, A. K. (1997). Elastomers. In Thermal Characterization of Polymeric Materials, Turi, E. A., ed., Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 

Surface characterization of polymeric materials is also very important because a better understanding of the modified surface will be necessary to produce a well-defined surface of polymeric materials. Currently a variety of analytical methods are available for characterizing polymer surfaces. 

Kim, D. H. Application of the dielectric analysis to polymeric materials control, Proc. TTCP-3 Critical Review Techniques for the Characterization of Polymeric Materials, AMMRC MS 77-2, AD-36082,1977... 

Infrared spectroscopy can be applied to V. the characterization of polymeric materials at various levels of sophistication. As most commonly used, it is a rapid and easy method for the qualitative identification of major components through the use of group frequencies and distinctive patterns in the fingerprint region of the spectrum. Let s look at a couple of examples. 

Turi, E. A. Thermal Characterization of Polymeric Material Academic New York, 1981 p 341. 

RB Gosnell. Thermoplastic resins. In TJ Reinhart et al. Eds. Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol. 1. Metals Park OH ASM International, 1987. p. 97. LL Clements. Polymer science for engineers. In JN Epel et al. Eds. Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol. 2. Metals Park OH ASM International, 1995. p. 48. A Turi. Thermal Characterization of Polymeric Materials. London Academic Press, 1981. 

This chapter presents selected examples of the application of microhardness measurement for the characterization of polymeric materials after various physical treatments. 

Turi EA, ed. Thermal characterization of polymeric materials Vols 1 and 2, Second Edition. San Diego, USA Academic Press, 1997. 

A torsion pendulum interfaced with a desktop computer form an automated instrument for dynamic mechanical characterization of polymeric materials. The computer controls the initiation of the oscillations, collects the digitized data and calculates the shear modulus and loss modulus from the damped oscillations, utilizing one of four methods of analysis ... 

By analogy to the above technique, gas chromatography is considered a useful tool to obtain data for gas and vapor adsorption on polymeric surfaces. In contrast to liquid chromatography, the general principle of the IGC technique is well established for the characterization of polymeric materials this technique called inverse gas chromatography (IGC), enables the study of various polymeric properties, including interfacial properties (15-18). 

DTA and DSC are so similar in their working principles and in characteristics of their curves that we often do not distinguish between these two techniques in their applications for materials characterization. These two techniques are especially useful in characterization of polymeric materials, as well as in characterization of inorganic materials. Some typical applications of DTA and DSC are introduced in this section. 

---