Characterization of Networks

One example of a relatively new technique for the non-invasive, non-destructive characterization of network structures involves pulse-propagation measurements [288,289]. In this technique, the delay Af in a pulse passing through the network is used to obtain information on the network structure, for example, the chain length between cross-links or between entanglements. The technique is illustrated schematically in Figure 12 [282]. 

In relation to the characterization of network structure and dynamics in swollen gels, it seems to be very important to have a prior knowledge of under what conditions the expected 13C NMR signals are visible from... 

Modulus data on crosslinked systems would seem to offer the most direct method for studying entanglement effects. Certainly, from the standpoint of molecular modeling, the advantages of equilibrium properties are clear. However, the structural characterization of networks has proven to be very difficult, and without such characterization it is almost impossible to separate entanglement contributions from those of the chemical crosslinks alone. Recent work suggests, however, that these problems are not insurmountable, and some quantitative results are beginning to appear. 

Queslel, J.-P. Mark, J. E. (1989) Rubber elasticity and characterization of networks, in Allen, G. 

Another example of a relatively new technique for the noninvasive, nondestructive characterization of network structures involves ultrasound pulse-propagation measurements. The goal here is the rapid determi-... 

Characterization of network stnictimes is often the main objective of theoretical and experimental works in the field of rubber elasticity (179-183). Simple experiments such as swelling equilibrium have been extensively used. However, most of the experimental swelling results on cross-linked polymers have been interpreted using the Flory-Rehner expression for an affinely deforming network (6,184-186). 

Characterization of folded proteins Characterization of DNA sequences Characterization of t-RNA Characterization of proteins Characterization of molecular shape Characterization of chirality Characterization of graph and network centrality Characterization of network irregularities Recognition of molecular docking Numerical characterization of proteome maps DNA and protein alignment... 

Let us return to the Estrada approach to characterization of network irregularities. He generalized the difference between the reciprocal square roots of the vertex degrees to... 

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