Characterization, film electrical

It follows from eqs. (VII.23) and (VII.24) that values of n and A depend on electrolyte concentration. Concequently, the electrolyte concentration defines the height as well as position of potential barrier (see Fig. VII-10), which characterize film stability. The addition of electrolyte to colloidal system results in compression of electrical double layer, and, hence, in compression of the region of the effective action of electrostatic repulsion... 

M Omastova, J Pionteck, S Kosina. Preparation and characterization of electrically conductive polypropylene/polypyrrole composites. Fur Polym J 1996 32 681-689. HS Chan, TSA Hor, PKH Ho. Chemical preparation and characterization of conductive polyp5nrole composite thin films. J Macromol Sci Chem 1990 A27 1081-1094. 

Properties and characterization of electrically conductive nanocellulose-based composite films... 

As for the behavior of viscosity, this parameter not only characterizes the physical viscosity of the film, but also determines the effective viscosity that considers all the other mechanisms of losses (scattering on inhomogeneities of the nanocomposite film, electric losses, contact losses, etc.). The diversity of all these factors hinders the unambiguous interpretation of the behavior of the effective viscosity coefficients in the materials under study. 

In this paper, we employ the encapsulation method and mixing method to produce SWNT composites. Excess surfactant was extracted and the polymer remelted to form films for characterization. Mechanical, electrical, thermal and linear viscoelastic tests were used to characterize the films. Results from the encapsulation method are not presented because the approach was unsuccessful since the introduction of the reacting emulsion caused migration of surfactant from the nanotubes to the reacting emulsion leading to a loss of dispersion of the nanotubes. 

For characterization purposes the most useful form of external modulation is electromodulation, because it provides the sharpest structure (third derivative of R in bulk or thin films) and is sensitive to surface or interface electric fields. The most widely used contacdess mode of electromodulation is termed Photoreflectance (PR) 5.7.8... 

Chain length is another factor closely related to the structural characterization of conducting polymers. The importance of this parameter lies in its considerable influence on the electric as well as the electrochemical properties of conducting polymers. However, the molecular weight techniques normally used in polymer chemistry cannot be employed on account of the extreme insolubility of the materials. A comparison between spectroscopic findings (XPS, UPS, EES) for PPy and model calculations has led some researchers to conclude that 10 is the minimum number of monomeric units in a PPy chain, with the maximum within one order of magnitude n9- 27,i28) mechanical qualities of the electropolymerized films,... 

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