Channel mode

Galli, A., Blakely, R. D., and DeFelice, L. J. (1996) Norepinephrine transporters have channel modes of conduction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 8671-8676. 

Figure 2. Typical field distributions for waveguides. For the channel case, the transverse distribution f(x,y) is approximated by f(x)f(y). The arrows indicate the dominant field component, (a) TEmn channel modes, (b) TMmn channel modes, (c) TEm slab field distributions and, (d) TMm slab waveguide fields.

In a reversed type of approach, we used the pseudoreceptor modeling concept not to develop a tool for SAR predictions but to characterize two discrete ion channel modes on a molecular level [28]. For this purpose, a set of 13 well-characterized 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) derivatives with experimentally determined dissociation constants (Kf) for the voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) in the resting state (rs) and the open/inactivated state (is) were investigated (Table 5.2). 

Selectivity of the resting state pseudoreceptor model was checked with the same ligands via prediction of their binding behavior to the inactivated channel mode. 

Based on these observations, a second hydrogen-bond donor (e.g. Lys+, Arg+, Ser, Gin, etc.) was placed at the left side to simulate the open/inactivated channel mode. A threonine proved to be best yielding perfect correlation for the training set (r.m.s.d. = 0.123 kcal moh1) and convincing prediction (r.m.s.d.=0.848 kcal mol-1) for the test set derivatives (Fig. 5.7b). 

Fig. 5.7 Pseudoreceptor model of the L-type VGCC in the resting state (a) and the opened/inactivated channel mode (b) with one additional threonine (Thr) at the left... 

Figure 5.25 shows the FET characteristics of a device in p-channel mode with MDMO-PPV as the channel material. Figures 5.25a and b show the situation for MDMO-PPV spin-cast from a toluene solution. The hole current... 

Body system, e.g. alimentary, cardiovascular Therapeutic use, e.g. receptor blockers, enzyme inhibitors, carrier molecules, ion channels Mode or site of action... 

The surface morphology, thickness and quality of the deposited carbon films are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), by energy dispersive x-ray (EDx) and by Raman spectroscopy (RS). The Raman spectrum was recorded using an argon ion laser Raman microprobe. The exciting laser wavelength is 632.81 nm with a laser power equal to 1.75 mW. The instrument was operated in the multi-channel mode with the beam focused to a spot diameter of approximately 2 pm. 

In the channeling mode, extra atoms not aligned with the array will cause extra scattering. At this time, the number of backscattered ions decreases markedly. There is more than 95% reduction in the yield of small impact parameter interaction process of Rutherford scattering, when an ion beam is well aligned with a low-index crystallographic direction of a single crystal, say for example (100) of Si. 

Fig. 3.5 The VTC and gains of PCIIlSe inverter devices fabricated a in glovebox and b under ambient conditions. The threshold voltage differences of forward and reverse scans are smaller for devices fabricated under ambient conditions, presumably due to the more balanced threshold voltages in the p- and n-channel modes...

The proposed training system consists of the EMG acquisition module, the graphic user interface and game contents for each channel mode. 

All the games were implemented in Flash CS4 using Action Script 2.0. The games were developed for each-channel mode as shown Fig. 3. Because the subjects were patients while using the system, the games were designed to be able to adjust the game difficulty and speed appropriate to each. 

The next step is required more strength to occur the key event. The one channel mode can be applied such as flexor synergy of upper limb, ankle flexion and grasp, etc. 

Two games in the Fig. 6 can be applied close to normal patients because of the complexity of the games, which require information of four directions of muscle motion. The four channel mode can be applied such as flexion/extension... 

Fig. 6 Left Car race. Right Tetris — applications of 4 channel mode...

Figure 23. Current-voltage characteristics of an a-6T/C ) heterojunction FET operating as (a) a p-channel FET with negative Fos and Fds. and (b) operating as an n-channel FET with positive Kgs and Fds- In the n-channel mode of operation there are hole currents flowing in the a-6T layer for Fds > Fgs and are shown by dotted lines. Reprinted with permission from Ref. 97. Copyright 1995 AAAS.

The application of nuclear methods to studies of ceramic surfaces and interfaces is a well-developed methodology, although not as yet applied extensively to mineral surfaces. Relevant applications of RBS, PIXE, NRA, ERDA and high-resolution a-spectroscopy have been described in the review by Matzke [9.1]. Analyses by RBS, used in the channeling mode, and NRA have revealed structural defects in U Ov-y RBS is sensitive mainly to the metal atom sublattice. whereas NRA can be used selectively to study the nonmeial sublattice. It was shown that the U sublattice is nearly identical to that of UO2, whereas significant cluster formation occurs in the O sublattice these observations have implications for surface sites in the material. Investigations of surface reactions (e.g., leaching and dis.soIution) of titanates and UO2 by nuclear techniques have... 

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