Chance process

Champagne Champion Chance process Chancroid Chanel No. 19 Chanel No. 5... 

Mond A process for recovering sulfur from the residues from the Leblanc process. The sulfur is partially oxidized to thiosulfate and converted to elemental sulfur by adding hydrochloric acid. This process recovers only half the sulfur it was supplanted by the Chance process. Invented by L. Mond and operated by the Netham Chemical Company at Bristol from 1868 to 1888. 

Chance process -coal [MINERALS RECOVERY AND PROCESSING] (Vol 16)... 

Yes, we also know what we are made of. We know the electric fields of atoms that caused molecules to assemble, the rules whereby they assembled to form self-perpetuating units, some of which have reached such complexity as to be able to do all the incredible feats described in the previous paragraph. Should we be satisfied with the suggestion that all of this is based upon chance processes such as mutations An unending string of lucky mutations at the beginning of quantum theory and relativity is certainly not one of our better ideas. 

The evolutionary tree shows sequential branching of species and proteins as a consequence of chance processes (mutations). 

Life on other planets may be completely different in as much as chance processes do not repeat. 

Chance process (1882), which recovered waste sulphur. By the turn of the twentieth century, however, the Leblanc and Solvay processes were eclipsed by new electrolytic methods for making chlorine and caustic soda, see also Alkali Metals Industrial Chemistry, Inorganic Sodium. 

Not to blow the new creation out of existence it is necessary to assume that after this brief period, activity of inflation energy had to be arrested, so as not to interfere with the subsequent evolution of the universe. Quantum mechanics is invoked to explain the conversion of inflationary energy into radiation, by a chance process, likened to radioactive decay, and which creates exactly the required random fluctuations to seed the growth of stars and galaxies within the dark-matter plasma. ... 

If the achievement of the symbiotic state is accepted as being the result of a sequence of chance processes, it might be considered that the pathway toward symbiosis would be strewn with the remnants of unsuccessful attempts. That this is not so is indicative of the fact that either the determination of success takes place at a very early stage in the evolution of association, or the participants in abortive efforts at symbiosis are quickly eliminated. 

By the early 1890 s, Britain had become the second largest sulfur producer in the world, by using the Claus-Chance process. In 1893, British sulfur production by this technology was 35,000 tonnes. The process would be famous again, when it became the standard technology for converting hydrogen sulfide in sour gas and oil into recovered sulfur. Then it would only be called the Claus process, since the Chance modification was applicable only to the Leblanc process. 

Herman Frasch developed a process to recover cheap natural sulfur in 1891 that was used first in Louisiana and then in Texas, and eventually became the major source of supply, particularly in the United States. The recoveiy of refinery sulfur by the modified Claus-Chance process now provides a further enormous supply of pure sulfur throughout the world, and this has largely replaced the Frasch process. 

The capillary tubes used for the melting-point determinations should be both longer and wider than those normally used they should be at least lo cm. long (to decrease the chance of slipping off the thermometer during the determination) and 2 -3 mm. in diameter (in order to have sufficient semi molten material in the tube to observe accurately the process of melting). 

One variation of rule-based systems are fuzzy logic systems. These programs use statistical decision-making processes in which they can account for the fact that a specific piece of data has a certain chance of indicating a particular result. All these probabilities are combined in order predict a final answer. 

It is often important in practice to know when a process has changed sufficiently so that steps may be taken to remedy the situation. Such problems arise in quality control where one must, often quickly, decide whether observed changes are due to simple chance fluctuations or to actual changes in the amount of a constituent in successive production lots, mistakes of employees, etc. Control charts provide a useful and simple method for dealing with such problems. 

Occlusions are minimized by maintaining the precipitate in equilibrium with its supernatant solution for an extended time. This process is called digestion and may be carried out at room temperature or at an elevated temperature. During digestion, the dynamic nature of the solubility-precipitation equilibrium, in which the precipitate dissolves and re-forms, ensures that occluded material is eventually exposed to the supernatant solution. Since the rate of dissolution and reprecipitation are slow, the chance of forming new occlusions is minimal. 

The value of many chemical products, from pesticides to pharmaceuticals to high performance polymers, is based on unique properties of a particular isomer from which the product is ultimately derived. Eor example, trisubstituted aromatics may have as many as 10 possible geometric isomers whose ratio ia the mixture is determined by equiHbrium. Often the purity requirement for the desired product iacludes an upper limit on the content of one or more of the other isomers. This separation problem is a compHcated one, but one ia which adsorptive separation processes offer the greatest chances for success. 

Another significant disadvantage of the patented process is the two large mnning seals involved in the main body of the filter as the vessel rotates around a stationary central arrangement this seal is another potential source of trouble. This version has Htde chance of commercial success and has been shelved in favor of a more conventional system of stationary vessel (16). 

Plasma Carburizing. Plasma carburizing generates carbon atoms at the surface by ionization of a carbon-containing gas, eg, methane. The process is similar to that described for ion nitriding. Because the process is carried out in partial vacuum, there is less chance of oxidation. 

Both the wavelength dispersive and energy dispersive spectrometers are well suited for quaUtative analysis of materials. Each element gives on the average only six emission lines. Because the characteristic x-ray spectra are so simple, the process of allocating atomic numbers to the emission lines is relatively simple and the chance of making a gross error is small. 

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