Challenges for the Next Decade

Bormefoi MS, Belanger SE, Devlin DJ, Doerrer NG, Embry MR, Fukushima S, Harpur ES, Hines RN, Holsapple MP, Kim JH, MacDonald JS, O Lone R, Pettit SD, Stevens JL, Takei AS, Tinkle SS, van der Laan JW (2010) Human and environmental health challenges for the next decade (2010-2020). Crit Rev Toxicol 40 893-911... 

Sinkovics JG, Horvath JC, Kay HD. NKT cells emerge to restrain the trophoblast Tumor cells imitating the trophoblast evoke NKT cell reactions. In Cancer immunity challenges for the next decade. Program abstracts. The 56th aimual symposium on Fundamental Cancer Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 14-17 Oct 2003. p. 117, 1-33. 

Gebhard R. Sustainable production of pharmaceutical intermediates and APIs—the challenge for the next decade. DSM Webminar 2009. 

Viola, G., Portwood, T., Ubrich, P. and DeGroot, H. R. (1990), Numerical optimization of pultrusion line operating parameters , 35th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition - Advanced Materials the Challenge for the Next Decade, Part 2, Anaheim, USA. 

Schmitt R R and Horn W J (1990) Viscoelastic relaxation in bolted thermoplastic, composite joints in Advanced Materials The Challenge for the Next Decade 3 Tnt SAMPE Symp/Exhib (Eds. Janicki G, Bailey V and Schjelderup H), Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering, Covina, CA, pp. 1336-1347. 

Very large diameters, beyond 100 m, now correspond exclusively to diluted apertures and amplitude interferometry. Another big challenge for the next two decades to develop kilometric arrays of telescopes, having optical coherent recombination, presumably with fiber optics, focal instmmentation with a significant field of view, etc. 

To tackle these problems successfully, new concepts will be required for developing systematic modeling techniques that can describe parts of the chemical supply chain at different levels of abstraction. A specific example is the integration of molecular thermodynamics in process simulation computations. This would fulfill the objective of predicting the properties of new chemical products when designing a new manufacturing plant. However, such computations remain unachievable at the present time and probably will remain so for the next decade. The challenge is how to abstract the details and description of a complex system into a reduced dimensional space. 

Maruta, A. (2008). Fuel cell vehicles on the line Challenges and opportunities for the next decades. F-cell 7th Forum for Producers and Users, September 24-25, 2008, Stuttgart, http //www.f-cell.de/de/programm-2007.php. 

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing threat worldwide, especially within hospitals harboring critically ill patients who are less able to fight off infections without the help of antibiotics. Resistance mechanisms have been found for every class of antibiotic agent and the search for new antibiotics effective against various multiresistant germs is probably one of the most difficult challenges of medicinal chemistry for the next decade. Development of new classes of antibiotics or more robust versions of old classes will be essential for the future. °... 

Solvent effect can have a profound effect on chemical reactions, yet we do not at the moment have a proven methodology (as in the case of electronic structure theory) that by well-known routes can converge to chemical accuracy. Continuum methods are going to carry the bulk of the workload in the foreseeable future. However, it will be one of the major challenges within the next decade to develop solvation theories that by standard procedures will converge to chemical accuracy. Such methods are likely to combine explicit solvation for the first few solvation shelves with bulk descriptions (continuum or mean-field) for the remaining part of the solvent. 

We are convinced that the innovation and cost-containment trends described are lasting ones and will impact the healthcare landscape for the next decades. To adapt the portfoHo to the challenges and subsequent major changes in the healthcare environment, we suggest the foUowing actions. 

K. L. Wooley, T.P. Lodge, Research in macromolecular science challenges and opportunities for the next decade. Macromolecules 42 (2009) 465—471. 

Thus, in this field, the control of the formation and self-assembly of ID CPs will certainly be the most important challenge in the next decades. This and other future research, which will imply the exploration of new compositions (e.g., bio-related molecules), properties (e.g., conductivity, magnetism, optics, catalysis, and mechanical properties), and synthetic methodologies (e.g., microfluidics, supercritical conditions, and vapor deposition), will involve researchers of many different fields and will expand the scope of properties and applications for these new materials up to their use for practical applications. 

The development of metal-catalyzed asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions is probably going to continue during the next decade. High level of control of the reactions of nitrones has been obtained, and for these reactions one of the next challenges is to explore new substrates that are designed for application in synthesis. The development of metal-catalyzed asymmetric reactions of the other... 

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