Cerebrospinal fluid disorder

Melegos, D. N., et al. (1997). Prostaglandin D synthase concentration in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients with neurological disorders. Prostaglandins 54, 463-74. 

Mutations in the gene for adenylosuccinate lyase (ASL), inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder in purine metabolism, are associated with severe mental retardation and autistic behavior, but apparently not self-mutilation [10, 11]. This enzyme catalyzes two distinct reactions in the de novo biosynthesis of purines the cleavages of adenylosuccinate (S-Ado) and succinylaminoimidazole carboxamide ribotide (SAICAR), both of which accumulate in plasma, urine and cerebrospinal fluid of affected individuals [12]. Measurements of these metabolites in urine... 

Assessment of transferrin in cerebrospinal fluid is considered technically easy, a quick and practical auxiliary investigative method that is accepted in a large number of laboratories. The efficacy of these investigations for timely diagnostics of inflammatory disorders of the CNS is undoubted. 

I.4. IgA. Evidence describing the role of IgA in cerebrospinal fluid is abundant. Some references do exist for IgA patterns in CSF for some neurological and infectious disorders, user files. They are, however, nearly always about a very limited number of patients, making the precise statistical appreciation of that set practically useless. 

Coplan JD, Andrewa MW, Rosenblum LA, Owens MJ, Freidman S, Gorman JM, Nemeroff CB (1996) Persistent elevations of cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of corticotropinreleasing factor in adult nonhuman primates exposed to early-life stressors implications for the pathophysiology of mood and anxiety disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93 1619-... 

Baker DG, West SA, Orth DN, Hill KK, Nicholson WE, Ekhator NN, Bruce AB, Wortman MD, Keck PE, Geracioti JD (1997) Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma beta endorphin in combat veterans with post traumatic stress disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 22 517-529 Bauer EP, Schafe GE, LeDoux JE (2002) NMDA receptors and L-type voltage-gated calcium channels contribute to long-term potentiation and different components of fear memory formation in the lateral amygdala. J Neurosci 22 5239-5249... 

Effects of early environmental adversity on HPA mediation of neurodevelopment have also been demonstrated in non-human primates (Coplan et al., 1995). Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) intracerebro-ventricular administration in rhesus monkeys that had been separated from their mothers produced behavioral inhibition and increases in ACTH and cortisol. Coplan et al (1995) presented evidence for persistently elevated cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in grown macaques that had been reared by mothers in unpredictable environmental conditions. Further studies in adversely reared adult monkeys demonstrated an inverse relationship between mean CRF concentrations and GH response to clonidine (Coplan et al., 2000). In light of evidence that reduced GH response to clonidine has been shown in other anxiety disorders (Charney and Bremner, 1999), Coplan et al. (2000) hypothesize that GH response to clonidine may inversely reflect trait-like increases of central nervous system CRF activity. Data linking childhood anxiety to growth deficits are consistent with this view (Pine et al., 1996). Activity, of the HPA axis, as related to early environmental... 

Leckman, J.F., Goodman, W.K., North, W.G., Chappell, P.B., Price, L.H., Pauls, D.L., Anderson, G.M., Riddle, M.A., McSwiggan-Hardin, M., McDougle, C.J., et al. (1994) Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of oxytocin in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Comparison with Tourette s syndrome and healthy controls. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51 782-792. 

Chappell, P., Leckman, J., Goodman, W., Bissette, G., Pauls, D., Anderson, G., Riddle, M., Scahill, L., McDougle, C., and Cohen, D. (1996) Elevated cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing factor in Tourette s syndrome comparison to obsessive compulsive disorder and normal controls. Biol Psychiatry 39 776-783. 

Kruesi, M.J.P., Hibbs, E.D., Zahn, T.P., Keysor, C.S., Hamburger, S.D., Bartko, J.J., and Rapoport, J.L. (1992) A 2-year prospective follow-up study of children and adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders prediction by cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, homovanillic acid, and autonomic measures. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49 429 35. 

Kruesi, M.J.P., Rapoport, J.L., Hamburger, S., Hibbs, E., Potter, W.Z., Lenane, M., and Brown, G.L. (1990). Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites, aggtession, and impulsivity in disruptive behavior disorders of children and adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47 419 26. 

Altemus, M., Swedo, S., Leonard, H., Richter, D., Rubinow, D., Potter, W., and Rapoport, J. (1994) Changes in cerebrospinal fluid neurochemistry during treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder with clomipramine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51 794-803. 

From the observation that tics were exacerbated by stress, and because cerebrospinal fluid flndings suggested possible alterations in central nervous system catecholamine metabolism, Cohen and colleagues (1979) used clonidine in the treatment of TS in what was among the first theory-based treatments for the disorder. 

The most consistent finding in clinical studies has been decreased turnover of DA in patients with depressive disorders, as measured by cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] levels and urinary output of its principal metabolite homovanillic acid [HVA] [A. S. Brown and Gershon 1993 Kapur and Mann 1992). Patients... 

Some evidence exists of disturbances of the CCK system in pathological anxiety. For instance, Lydiard and co-workers [1992] reported that patients with panic disorder have significantly lower cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of CCK-8S than do control subjects. The same group measured CCK-8S in patients with bulimia nervosa [Lydiard et al. 1993], who were found to have significantly lower levels of CCK-8 than the comparison subjects. CCK-8 concentrations were inversely correlated with scores on the anger-hostility, anxiety, and interpersonal sensitivity subscales of the Symptom Checklist-90—Revised [SCL-90-R]. 

Barkai lA, Dunner DL, Gross HA, et al Reduced myo-inositol levels in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with affective disorder. Biol Psychiatry 13 65-72, 1978 Barker AT An introduction to the basic principles of magnetic nerve stimulation. 

Berrettini WH, Nurnberger JI Jr, Chan JS, et al Pro-opiomelanocortin-related peptides in cerebrospinal fluid a study of manic-depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 16 287-302, 1985b... 

Post RM, Ballenger JC, Hare TA, et al Cerebrospinal fluid GABA in normals and patients with affective disorders. Brain Res Bull 5 (suppl 2 755-759, 1980 Post RM, Uhde TW, Ballenger JC, et al Prophylactic efficacy of carbamazepine in manic-depressive illness. Am J Psychiatry 140 1602-1604, 1983 Post RM, Ballenger JC, Uhde TW, et al Efficacy of carbamazepine in manic-depressive illness implications for underlying mechanisms, in Neurobiology of Mood Disorders. Edited by Post RM, Ballenger JC. Baltimore, MD, Williams Wilkins, 1984, pp 777-816... 

Kearns-Sayre syndrome [17] A multisystem disorder characterized by the invariant triad onset before age 20 years, PEO, pigmentary retinal degeneration plus at least one of the following complete heart block, cerebrospinal fluid protein above 100 mg/dl, cerebellar ataxia. Large-scale heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA deletions are frequently detected in skeletal muscle (rarely in other tissues). 

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