Cerebellar nuclei dentate nucleus

This disease is a late onset disorder of the cerebellum characterized by selective and progressive loss of Purkinje cells. Initially the disease was thought to be confined to the cerebellar cortex, dentate nucleus, and inferior olives, but more recent studies suggest more widespread cerebellar involvement (Seidel et al., 2009 Wang et al.,... 

Hayashi Y, Kakita A, Yamada M, Egawa S, Oyanagi S, Naito H, Tsuji S, Takahashi H. Hereditary dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy ubiqui-tinated filamentous inclusions in the cerebellar dentate nucleus neurons. Acta Neuropathol Berl 1998 95 479-482. 

The basilar artery ascends ventral to the pons to the ponto-midbrain junction in the interpeduncular cistern, where it divides into the two posterior cerebral arteries. Numerous small branches penetrate the brainstem and cerebellum. The basilar artery also gives rise to the anterior inferior cerebellar artery, which supplies the rostral cerebellum, brainstem, inner ear, and the superior cerebellar artery, which supplies the brainstem, superior half of the cerebellar hemisphere, vermis and dentate nucleus. 

Arai N, Amano N, fwabuchi K, Yagishita S, Yokoi S, Saito A, Misugi K (1988) Three categories of the degenerative appearance of the human cerebellar dentate nucleus. J Neurol Sci 83 129-143. Aylward EH, Minshew NJ, Field K, Sparks BE, Singh N (2002) Effects of age on brain volume and head circumference in autism. Neurology 59 175-183. 

Fukutani Y, Nakamura I, Matsubara R, Kobayashi K, Isaki K (1996) Pathology of the cerebellar dentate nucleus in sporadic olivopontocerebellar atrophy a morphometric investigation. J Neurol Sci 137 103-108. 

Chan-Palay, V (1977) Cerebellar Dentate Nucleus Organization, Cytology and Transmitters. Springer, Berhn. 

Fig. 106. Horizontal (A) and transverse (B,C) AChE-stained seetions through the cerebellar nuclei of Macaca fascicularis. Note connection of lA and dorsal pole of dentate nucleus in (B) and of medial lamella of the dentate nucleus and border region of lA and IP in (A), U-shaped nucleus located between F and IP in (B) and (C) and strong AChE-reactivity in this nucleus in (A) localization of medial limb of this U-shaped nucleus in X compartment (B and C) extension of AChE-positive C2 compartment in border region of lA and IP in B interstitial nucleus of Langer in (B) and large group y in (C). C2 = C2 compartment F = fastigial nucleus lA = anterior interposed nucleus IP = posterior interposed nucleus IP/F = U-shaped nucleus between F and IP L = lateral cerebellar nucleus Lp = parvocellular part of lateral cerebellar nucleus y = group y X = X compartment.

The existence of a rest group of neurons that remains unaffected by large lesions of the efferent cerebellar pathways in the kitten has been claimed as evidence in favour of the presence of intrinsic or nucleocortical neurons in the central nuclei (Jansen and Jansen 1955). Many of these neurons were found to be large and to be located in the posterior interposed nucleus. Intrinsic neurons of the cerebellar nuclei have been observed in Golgi preparations of the rat by Chan-Palay (1973a, 1977) as small multipolar neurons in the dentate nucleus. The terminals of these intrinsic, inhibitory neurons on the soma and dendrites of cerebellar nuclear cells were tentatively identified as small... 

Fig. 116. Transverse sections through the deep cerebellar nuclei of the opossum showing the position of cholecystokinin-like immunoreactive neurons in the cerebellar nuclei (dots). Such neurons are present in the nucleus interpositus posterior (NIP) and fastigial nucleus (FN), but are not present in the nucleus interpositus anterior (NIA) or dentate nucleus (DN). Bar = 1 mm. King and Bishop (1990)...

Rg. 117. Localization of serotonin-like immunoreactivity in transverse sections through the cerebellar nuclei of the opossum. DN = dentate nucleus FN = fastigial nucleus IPA = anterior interposed nucleus IPP = posterior interposed nucleus. Bishop et al. (1985). 

Fig. 191. Schematic line drawings of the unfolded opossum cerebellum modified after Larsell and Jansen (1972). The broken lines indicate the boundaries of the corticonuclear zones A-D after Klinkhachorn et al. (1984a). The distribution of the three types of enkephalinergic axons is indicated by the frequency and size of the symbols the beaded axons by asterisks (C), the mossy fibers by dots (A), and the climbing fibers by triangles (B). I-X indicate vermal lobules CR I, II, crura I and II, F, flocculus LS, lobulus simplex PFL, paraflocculus PML, paramedian lobule. D. Distribution of enkephalinergic axons in a horizontal section through the cerebellar nuclei. D, dentate nucleus, F, fastigial nucleus IPA, anterior interposed nucleus IPP, posterior interposed nucleus. From King et al. (1987).

Dietrichs E, Walberg F, Nordby T (1985a) The cerebellar nucleo-olivary and olivo-cerebellar nuclear projections in the cat as studied with anterograde and retrograde transport in the same animal after implantation of crystalline WGA-HRP. I. The dentate nucleus. Neurosci. Res., 3, 52-70. 

Shinoda Y, Sugiuchi Y. Futami T, Izawa R (1992) Axon collaterals of mossy fibers from the pontine nucleus in the cerebellar dentate nucleus. J. Neurophysiol., 67, 547-560. 

The cerebellum is responsible for the coordination of movement, and is composed of a cortex of gray matter, internal white matter, and three pairs of deep nuclei fastigial nucleus (FN), the interposed and globose nucleus, and dentate nucleus. The deep cerebellar nuclei and the vestibular nuclei transmit the entire output of the cerebellum. Output of the cerebellar cortex is carried through Purkinje cells. Purkinje cells send their axons to the deep cerebellar nuclei and have an inhibitory effect on these nuclei. The cerebellum is involved with both eye and head movements, and both tonic and phasic activities are reported in the cerebellum. The cerebellum is not directly responsible for the initiation or execution of a saccade, but contributes to saccade precision. Sites within the cerebellum important for the control of eye movements include the oculomotor vermis, FN and the flocculus. Consistent with the operation of the cerebellum for other movement activities, the cerebellum is postulated here to act as the coordinator for a saccade, and act as a precise gating mechanism. 

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