Ceramic fibers chemical bonding

As with advanced ceramics, chemical reactions play a cracial role in the fabrication of ceramic composites. Both defect-free ceramic fibers and optimal chemical bonds between fiber... 

Immobilization by chemical bonding gives strong, irreversible attachments to a solid support. The bonds are normally covalent but they can be electrostatic. Typical supports are functionalized glass and ceramic beads and fibers. Enzymes are sometimes cross-linked to form a gel. Occasionally, enz5anes can be flocculated while retaining catalytic activity. 

Wang, Y., Li, V.C., and Backer, S. (1988) Analysis of synthetic fiber pull-out from a cement matrix. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings 114, 159-165. Wise, S. et al. (1988) Chopped steel fiber reinforced chemically bonded ceramic (CRC) composites. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings 114, 197-203. 

The chemical composition of the composite constituents and the interphase is not limited to any particular material class. There are metal-matrix, ceramic-matrix, and polymer-matrix composites, all of which find industrially relevant applications. Similarly, reinforcements in important commercial composites are made of such materials as steel. E-glass, and Kevlar . Many times a bonding agent is added to the fibers prior to compounding to create an interphase of a specified chemistry. We will describe specific component chemistries in subsequent sections. 

Phlogiston theory, Alchemy Oxidation process discovered (Lavoisier) basic chemical reactions known acid-base, oxidation-reduction, bonding. Development of novel chemical syntheses created new materials dyes, fibers, polymers, plastics, etc. Ceramics, high temperature superconductors, advanced pharmaceuticals. 

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