Central aim

International comparability and hence acceptance of chemical measurement results is the common central aim of all international initiatives and organizations in the field of metrology in chemistry such as the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM), the Co-operation on International Traceability in Analytical Chemistry (CITAC), EURACHEM, EUROM-ET and others. This is a consequence of the globalization of trade and economy and other human activities,... 

As discussed in some detail on p. 202 of this review, the enantiomers (-)-HU-210 (which retains the stereochemistry present in THC) and (+)-HU-211 were originally prepared in order to establish whether the activity of the cannabinoids is stereospecific. The synthetic path is shown in Figure 5.2 [25], The intermediate ketones (5 and enantiomer) can be easily crystallized to absolute purity and therefore the final products HU-210 (3) and HU-211 (4) are obtained with e.e. higher than 98.8%. This was a central aim of our synthetic approach in order to make possible the eventual therapeutic use of the [35,4S] enantiomer (4), as the presence of traces of the highly psychotropic [3/J, 4/ ] enantiomer (3) could lead to undesirable side-effects. The enantiomeric purity of thrice recrystallized (3) and (4) was established by h.p.l.c. analysis of the diastereoisomeric bis(MIPA) esters obtained by reaction with (S)-(+)-a-methoxy-a-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetyl (MTPA) chloride. As expected, we found that HU-211 (4) has no cannabimimetic activity [20-24], However, unexpectedly, we observed that it exhibits pharmacologi-... 

American Ballistics also markets high performance, high velocity ammo in several pistol and rifle calibers, standard velocity rifle and pistol reloads and MADCAP (Mean Automatic Dispersion from a Central Aiming Point). The latter is a mylar target overlay used to measure relative accuracy, pattern dispersion and shooter proficiency with automatic weapons. ... 

We are brain cartographers, and, like our geographer colleagues, our central aim is to provide precise coordinates and accurate identification of features of interest. In this fourth edition of our atlas, we have used the proven stereotaxic reference system that we constructed for the first edition (Paxinos and Watson, 1982). This reference system is now universally recognized as the optimum grid for stereotaxic work in the rat brain. We have completely revised the identification of brain structures in order to produce an atlas that will be useful beyond the end of this century. 

When designing instruments for atomic spectrometry the central aim is to realize fully the figures of merit of the methods. They include the power of detection and its relationship to the precision, the freedom from spectral interferences causing systematic errors and the price/performance ratio, these being the driving forces in the improvement of spectrochemical methods (Fig. 7). 

A central aim of this volume is to continue to make chemistry more philosophically visible. Great strides already have been made in this and these are nicely documented in Schummer s contribution to this volume. Yet experience among the historians of science and technology suggests that more work is needed. Some of the fundamental sources for chemistry s invisibility can be found in the issues we have just quickly considered ... 

Turkey is the keystone of our Middle Eastern policy—the policy which has for its central aim the permanent damming of the Russian tide which presses, as it has for centuries, toward the crossroads of the world. If the dam ever breaks, that Russian tide will pour irresistibly down across the main line of communications from Europe and Asia, into Africa, into the oil fields of Arabia and the Persian Gulf, and he who is master of Russia will be master of the world—or most of it. 

The council directive 90/394/EEC of 1990 on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens was the sixth individual directive based on framework directive 89/391/EEC [6-36]. Up to now, a number of different amendments have been released, for example, the widening of the scope to include mutagens. In the interests of clarity and rationality, the said directive was codified in 2004 to give the new carcinogens and mutagens directive 2004/37/EC [6-37]. The central aim of the directive is the protection of workers from risks to their health and safety. It lays down minimum requirements including limit values. 

The kinetic theory of gases attempts to explain the macroscopic nonequilibrium properties of gases in terms of the microscopic properties of the individual gas molecules and the forces between them. A central aim of this theory is to provide a microscopic explanation for the fact that a wide variety of gas flows can be described by the Navier-Stokes hydrodynamic equations and to provide expressions for the transport coefficients appearing in these equations, such as the coefficients of shear viscosity and thermal conductivity, in terms of the microscopic prop>erties of the molecules. We devote most of our attention in this article to this problem. 

Quality control can be defined as any process or procedure that has the purpose of maintaining an established or stated standard of quality for a product or process. The central aims of quality control are to ensure the consistent nature of the product or process of interest, to reduce costs and losses inherent in the process, and to maximize client satisfaction. These are generally embodied in the descriptive term total quality management (TQM). 

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