Hydrolysis cellulose nitrate

The reduction mechanism of cellulose nitrate hydrolysis in sodium sulfhydrate can be expressed as ... 

Hydrolysis of the cellulose nitrate produced and oxidation of the primary alcohol groups under the influence of nitrogen dioxide ... 

Figure 2. IR spectra of a, cellulose nitrate-g-poly(methyl methacrylate) and b, cellulose nitrate-g-poly(methyl methacrylate) after hydrolysis. (Reprinted, with permission, from Ref. 20. Copyright...

In the hydrolysis process of cellulose nitrate by sodium sulfhydrate [37], the products are formed in regenerated cellulose. 

In the condition of dilute sodium hydroxide solution, the hydrolysis of cellulose nitrate and primary monohydric alcohol nitrate would be hydrolyzed very slowly. For example, only 10 % of 0.1 mol butyl nitrate, which was mixed with the solution of 0.2 mol sodium hydroxide and ethanol (60 %), was hydrolyzed at 27 °C for 16 days. Even the temperature was elevated to 60 °C and the reaction time lasted for 100 h, still only 10 % butyl nitrate was involved in the reaction. However, if sodium sulfhydrate was added to the reaction system, the butyl nitrate can be completely hydrolyzed in 4 h. 

Stability of nitrate esters is a factor to decide if they can be long-term stored [44]. Because of their structure, they could be decomposed by hydrolysis and spontaneously burned to cause explosion. The higher the purity of esters is, the lower the risk of decomposition is. The stability depends on the chemical structure of nitrate esters. For example, the stability for most pure nitrate esters, such as methylene glycol dinitrate, nitroglycerine, glycol dinitrate, 1,3-propanediol dinitrate, pentae-rythritol tetranitrate, and cellulose nitrate, is acceptably high. 

The possibility of such proof became available from laws governing the relation between vapor pressure and mole fraction, or between osmotic pressure, concentration, temperature, and molecular weight, which were discovered by Raoult (1882-1885) and van t Hoff (1887-1888). With these methods, very high molecular weights (between 10,0(X) and 40,000) were subsequently obtained for rubber, starch, and cellulose nitrate. Other authors found similarly high values for the same materials e.g., Gladstone and Hibbert " found 6000-12,000 for rubber, and Brown and Morris obtained cryoscopically about 30,000 for a product of starch obtained by degradation hydrolysis. 

Tamura M, Sugihara M, Uragami T (1979), Ultrafiltration, hydrolysis, and adsorption characteristics of membranes from cellulose nitrate, urease stylite, activated charcoal , Augeiv Makromol Chem, 79,67-77. 

Cellulose nitrate is relatively water resistant. It is little affected by dilute acids but concentrated acids and alkalis cause chain scission. Dilute alkalis slowly hydrolyze the material and cause surface crazing. Alkali hydrosulphides bring about rapid hydrolysis. 

The comparative reactivities of cellulose and other polysaccharides towards acetylation, nitration, hydrolysis, and etherification have been investigated. "... 

Herzog and Londberg [20] have examined the X-ray diagrams of cellulose produced by denitration of a carefully nitrated product. The picture of the regenerated cellulose was in principle identical with that of cellulose before nitration. This observation suggests that a cautious nitration of cellulose that proceeds without oxidation or hydrolysis does not change the microcrystalline structure of the cellulose, i.e. this is a topochemical reaction, in which the product preserves the same... 

Further, the stabilization boiling of the nitrated cellulose exerts an express influence on the solubility of nitrocellulose. It causes the substance to become more soluble due to partial depolymerization and denitration. (A certain, insignificant decrease of nitrogen value occurs owing to partial hydrolysis). According to Bruley [54] the following relationship exists ... 

Only half the nitrate groups present in cellulose dinitrate is substituted by amine groups, the other half undergoing hydrolysis. 

Several celluloses are included in this study. One is a purified, partially hydrolyzed cotton made available through the courtesy of K. A. Kuiken, The Buckeye Cellulose Corp. The DP data furnished with this cotton are to be found in Table I the low values are the consequences of acid hydrolysis to which the cotton was subjected prior to characterization. This cotton was nitrated for GPC and handled in the manner already described (1). The data obtained in the previous study (1) of celluloses I, II, III, and IV are used as well as the data from a study of crosslinked cottons (3). 

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