Cellulose nanocrystals production

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An exhaustive economic analysis for the production of cellulose nanowhiskers as a coproduct in an ethanol biorelinery and an ASPEN Plus-based process model (http //www.aspentech.com/core/aspen-plus.cfm) was developed to evaluate ethanol production from wheat straw. All the collected data on cellulose nanocrystals in terms of production, characterization, and application suggest that this nanomaterial could be easily extrapolated to bioethanol production (Duran et al. 2011). 

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In this chapter, we will describe the production of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) by acid hydrolysis process from different cellulosic resources. Also, the drying process and extensive characterization of CNCs to better understand the inherent and processing properties of this nanomaterial with functionalization is discussed as potential nanoreinforcement. New developments in potential industrial and biomedical areas are also discussed. 

In the case of potential applications, these particular dimensions affect the final structure and properties of the fabricated products. According to different terms of nanocelluloses, these can be divided into two basic categories (a) cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and (b) cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Morphology (TEM images) of CNFs and CNCs is shown in Figure 15.3. 

Flauzino Neto, W. P, Silverio, H. A., Dantas, N. O., Pasquini, D. Extraction and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from agro-industrial residue-soy huUs. Industrial Crops and Products 2013,42,480—488. 

Sadeghifar H, Filpponen I, Clarke SP (2011) Production of cellulose nanocrystals using hydrobromic acid and chck reactions on their surface. J Mater Sei 46 7344—7355... 

Sustainability of the materials becomes one of the prime concerns in the research development in industries and academic institutions. The search for nonpetroleum-based fillers has accelerated the research into bio-nanofillers from biomass. In some cases, bio-based nanocomposites show unique advantages over traditional inorganic nanoparticles. Commonly used bio-nanofillers in NR are whiskers of cellulose, chitosan, nanocrystals of starch etc. The studies on these fillers are aimed at competitive production cost and equivalent properties as compared to other petroleum-based fillers. In addition, biocompatibility and biodegradability of the bio-based fillers are hoped to be retained after dispersion in the NR matrix. 

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