Cellulose ethers as intermediates

Pentachloroethane is a good solvent for cellulose acetate, certain cellulose ethers, and for natural gums and resins, but its high toxicity has discouraged these uses. Pentachloroethane is still used as an intermediate in some tetrachloroethylene processes. 

Uses. May occur as an intermediate in the production of chlorinated ethylenes formerly used as a solvent for cellulose ethers, resins, and gums, for dry cleaning, coal purification, as a soil sterilizing agent, and as a chemical intermediate in the production of dichloroacetic acid... 

Uses The alicyclic hydrocarbons have numerous industrial applications. Cyclopropane (C3H6) is used as an anesthetic. Cyclohexane (CgH ) is used as a chemical intermediate as an organic solvent for oils, fats, waxes, and resins and for the extraction of essential oils in perfume manufacturing industries. Cyclohexene (C6H10) is used in the manufacture of maleic acid, cyclohexane carboxylic acid, and adipic acid. Methyl cyclohexane (C7H14) is used for the production of organic synthetics such as cellulose ethers. These compounds are used in different industries such as adipic acid makers, benzene makers, fat processors, fungicide makers, lacquerers, nylon makers, oil processors, paint removers, plastic molders, resin makers, rubber makers, varnish removers, and wax makers. 

Strong alkali solutions acting on cellulose (at room temperatures) produce alkali cellulose. The studies on the structure of alkali cellulose [43] obtained with 20-40% NaOH solutions indicated that the substance is not a true alcoholate but an addition complex, RceiiOH NaOH. A true alcoholate can be obtained, for example, from dry cellulose and Na in liquid ammonia. Alkali cellulose has a large range of applications as an intermediate product in the preparation of cellulose ethers, and xanthate (dithiocarbonate), as well as in cellulose mercerization. 

Epoxides - Organic compounds containing three-membered cyclic group(s) in which two carbon atoms are linked with an oxygen atom as in an ether. This group is called an epoxy group and is quite reactive, allowing the use of epoxides as intermediates in preparation of certain fluorocarbons and cellulose derivatives and as monomers in preparation of epoxy resins. 

OTHER COMMENTS used as a solvent for cellulose ethers and esters, dyes, and natural resins used in the manufacturing of phenolic resins and dark-colored thermosetting resins chemical intermediate for tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol also used in the manufacture of wetting agents, furan polymers, corrosive resistant sealants and cements useful as a liquid propellant. 

Butyl formate is a colorless liquid, miscible with alcohols, ethers, oils, hydrocarbons and so forth. It will dissolve cellulose nitrate, some types af cellulose acetate, and many cellulose ethers. Butyl formate will also dissolve many natural and synthetic resins such os copals, dammar, elemi, mastic, shellac, cumar resins, ester gum and alkyds in the presence of ethyl alcohol. It is used as an intermediate and in perfumes. 

Uses a photographic developer for color movie film in perfumes in flavor industries in pharmaceuticals as a bacteriostatic in cosmetics, ointments, emulsions, textiles, sheet plastics and inks as a solvent for dyestuffs, cellulose esters, cellulose acetate, casein, gelatin, waxes and shellac an intermediate for benzyl esters and ethers as a surfactant an insect repellent local anesthetic preservative in radiopharmaceuticals preservative in sterile solutions for intramuscular or intravenous use in heat-sealing polyethylene films in dyeing nylon filament in microscopy as an embedding material some perfumery uses (enhancer cacao white rose fixer Hyacinth jacinthe) natural occurrence (tea). In veterinary medicine, it has been used for relief from pruritus it once was used as an antiseptic... 

A later patent [15] suggested the use of these quaternary ammonium compounds as dyeing auxiliaries and stated that they react with cellulose to form an acetal. Water-repellent properties of these compounds were also mentioned. Reynolds, et al. (ICI) [16] discovered that pyridinium compounds featuring a long alkyl chain reacted with cellulose when heated and produced a durable water-repellent finish on cotton. The reaction with cellulose was thought to involve the chloroalkyl ether as an intermediate. 

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