Cellulose chemical characterization

Kouznetsov, D. A., A. A. Ivanov, and P. R. Veletsky (1996), Analysis of cellulose chemical modification A potentially promising technique for characterizing cellulose archaeological textiles, /. Archaeol. Sci. 23, 23-34,109-121. 

The cyanide method is presently the only method for the determination of ketone groups in the polymers and was highly instrumental in the chemical characterization of degraded and oxidized celluloses. The use of this method enabled the development of the first two systems for the preparation of keto-cellulose, namely by mild oxidation with aqueous bromine at low pH values at room temperature [441,442] and by mild oxidation with hydrogen peroxide at pH 10 and 80°C [420,443]. 

Beck MI, Tomka I, Waysek E. Physico-chemical characterization of zein as a film coating polymer a direct comparison with ethyl cellulose. 

R. H. Attala and A. Isogai, Recent developments in spectroscopic and chemical characterization of cellulose, in S. Dumitriu (Eds.), Polysaccharides, Structural Diversity Functional Diversity, Marcel Dekker, New York, 2005, pp. 123-157. 

Bendahou A, Habibi Y, Kaddami H et al (2009) Physico-chemical characterization of palm from phoenix dactylifera-1, preparation of cellulose whiskers and natural rubber-based composites. J Biobased Mater Bioenergy 3 81-90... 

Celluloses.—The characterization and properties of cellulose solutions of the network rather than particle type have been reviewed with particular regard for their application in chemical engineering. ... 

In this communication we extend our prior observations and demonstrate the use of xylan-rich, hemicellulosic residual fractions of wood for the production of P(3HB-co-3HV) by B. cepacia. Levulinic acid, the secondary carbon source utilized in this bioconversion process, can be produced cost-effectively from a vast array of renewable carbohydrate-rich resources including cellulose-containing forest and agricultural waste residues 24,25). This five-carbon cosubstrate (4-ketovaleric acid) serves as a precursor to the 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) component of the B. cepacia-dtnved P(3HB-co-3HV) copolymer (Figure 1). Further, the mol % 3HV composition and associated physical/mechanical properties of the copolymer can be manipulated as a function of the substrate concentrations provided in the fermentation. Physical-chemical characterizations of such PHA copolymers are reported herein, as evidence supporting the potential of these biodegradable thermoplastics to serve as viable replacements for conventional, environmentally recalcitrant commodity plastics. 

The action of heat on samples has long been a useful dry test to determine some of the qualitative characteristics of the material. Dehydration occurs with hydrates and with materials such as cellulose. Chemical decomposition and gas evolution are observed with carbonates, sulfates and nitrates. Occasionally, explosive reactions happen and all of these can be characterized by DTA and DSC. 

Sun, R., Hughes, S. Fractional extraction and physico-chemical characterization of hemicel-luloses and cellulose from sugar beet pulp. Carbohydrate Polymers 1998,36,293-299. 

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