Cellular migration integrins

The integrins comprise a family of cell-surface proteins that are involved in adhesion, a process vital for many processes, such as anchorage, migration, growth and differentiation. Cells may adhere to other cells (cell-cell adhesion) or may interact with soluble molecules that constitute the extracellular matrix (cell-extracellular matrix). The integrins are linked to elements of the cytoskeleton, and so they provide a bridge between the external cellular environment and intracellular activation processes. 

In every tissue of the body cells are cemented into place by a variety of proteins and proteoglycans which constitute the extracellular matrix (ECM). This protein mat provides a secure foundation for the cells, but its components also have effects on cell function and differentiation. Cellular attachment is mediated by a family of matrix receptors found on the cell surface called integrins. Integrins secure the cell to the matrix, and determine cell shape, migration and spread. 

Figure 2 Integrin receptors relay signals from ECM to regulate a wide spectrum of cellular processes, including migration, cell cycle, survival, and cell differentiation. (Please see text for details of the outside-in signaling of integrins.)...

In addition, it was reported that integrin signaling was transduced by several protein kinases, including FAK, Src, and ERK. These protein kinases play a key role in many cellular processes, including cell migration. Indeed, the respective small-molecule inhibitors of FAK, Src, and ERK inhibited cell migration [29-31]. 

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