Cells motility systems

Certain proteins endow cells with unique capabilities for movement. Cell division, muscle contraction, and cell motility represent some of the ways in which cells execute motion. The contractile and motile proteins underlying these motions share a common property they are filamentous or polymerize to form filaments. Examples include actin and myosin, the filamentous proteins forming the contractile systems of cells, and tubulin, the major component of microtubules (the filaments involved in the mitotic spindle of cell division as well as in flagella and cilia). Another class of proteins involved in movement includes dynein and kinesin, so-called motor proteins that drive the movement of vesicles, granules, and organelles along microtubules serving as established cytoskeletal tracks. ... 

Langford, G.M. (1995). Actin- and microtubule-dependent organelle motors Interrelationship between the twp motility systems. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 7,82-88. 

In addition to being an essential component of the mitotic spindle, and being required for the maintenance of cell shape, microtubules are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities, such as cell motility and communication between organelles within the cell. Any disruption of the equilibrium within the microtubule system would be expected to disrupt cell division and normal cellular activities in which microtubules are involved. 

Kuroda, K. 1964. The behaviour of naked cytoplasmic drops isolated from plant cells. In Allen, R. D. and Kamiya, N. (Eds.), Primitive Motile Systems in Cell Biology. Academic Press, New York, 31-41... 

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Inone S. Organization and Function of the Mitotic Spindle, in Primitive Motile Systems. In Cell Biology. Allen RD, Kamiya K, eds. 1964. Academic, New York. 

Mohler, J. L., Partin, and Coffey, D. S. (1987b) Prediction of metastatic potential by a new grading system of cell motility validation in the Dunning R-3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma model. J. Urol. 138, 168-170. 

Brctschneider T, Jonkman J, Kohler J et al. Dynamic organization of the actin system in the motile cells of Dictyostelium. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2002 23(7-8) 639 9. 

The cytoskeleton, a cytoplasmic system of fibers, is critical to cell motility. In Chapter 5, we introduced the three types of cytoskeletal fibers—microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules—and considered their roles in supporting cell membranes and organizing the cell contents (see Figure 5-29). All these fibers are polymers built from small protein subunits held together by noncovalent bonds. Instead of being a disordered array, the cytoskeleton is organized into... 

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