Cell immobilization microorganism

Whole cell immobilization was defined by Karel et al. [35] as, the physical confinement or localization of intact cells to a certain region of space with preservation of some desired catalytic activity or by Anderson [36] as, there is a physical confinement or localization of microorganisms that permits their economic... 

The response to organic compounds depends on the assimilability by the immobilized microorganisms. Trichosporon brassicae, utilized propionic acid, n-butyric acid and ethanol. The measurement can be within 4 min using a flow cell (8). 

Cell Immobilization Among the available techniques, the entrapment in gel beads is frequently used for the immobilization of living cells in food sciences [59, 60] because of its simplicity and low cost. This technique has been recently extended to microorganisms with probiotic activity with the aim of increasing their survival in the human digestive environment and particularly in the stomach [61,62],... 

The manufacture of optically active L-a-amino acids from racemic amino acid amides was shown by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical, Japan [117]. In this process different microorganisms were immobilized on polymers made from (meth)acrylic acid esters or urethane acrylates and applied for the stereoselective hydrolysis of racemic amides (Scheme 43). o/L-Leucinamide (rac-136), for example, can be hydrolyzed with Mycoplana bullata cells immobilized on polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate-AT,N -methylenebisacrylamide copolymer at 30 C to produce i-leudne (l-137) over 3,000 h. 

In all our work, we have used reconstituted bovine hide collagen as the carrier matrix of choice. The biomaterial, collagen, offers a number of unique advcintages as a support for microbial cell immobilization. Other publications from our laboratory describe these advantages as well as the procedures to prepare fixed cells in detail ( 3, ). We have attached many different microorganisms in this manner some of the ccxnplex reactions mediated by such fixed cell preparations are shown in Table 4. 

The first examples of immobilized microorganisms are discussed above and it can be predicted that when the technique for immobilizing mammalian cells developed further, systems analogous to those discussed in this paper may be used for studying basic cell metabolic phenomena as well as in sensitive biospecific analytical systems. 

Gas-liquid with microorganisms (bio) Mainly used for cells immobilized on inert solid. Provides low shear. For gas-liquid kj a = 0.05-0.3 1/s for liquid solid kia =... 

One of the main apphcations of polymer cryogels is their use in biotechnology as carriers of cells, bacteria, and enzymes [1, 2]. The advantages of immobilized microorganisms over cultures in suspension include the easier collection and purification of bioproducts, better stability and performance under storage and operational conditions, tolerance against toxic compounds, etc. 

Vorobjeva LI (1978). Fermentation by immobilized cells of propionic acid bacteria. In Koscheenko KA (ed) Immobilized cells of microorganisms, pp 127-134. Akad Nauk SSSR, Puschino... 

Techniques of attachment, entrapment, and encapsulation are most widely used for cell immobilization with support materials, which are illustrated in Figure 7.1. These techniques can be applied to essentially all the viable or nonviable wholecell systems of potential interest microorganisms, plant cells, and mammalian and insect cells [2]. Although most of the principles associated with enzyme immobilization are directly applicable to cell immobilization, due to the complete difference in size and biochemical properties between enzymes the cells, the relative importance of these methods is considerably different [10]. 

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